中等城市常规公交线网连通度计算方法

为了更合理的评价公交线网的结构特性,将网络分析中的连通度指标引入中等城市常规公交路网的分析评价中。分析常规公交路网连通度的一般计算方法,并结合用地类型确定线路的权重,提出公交线网加权连通度的计算方法,并进行示例演示。     

基于列生成启发式的单线电动公交车与司机整合调度优化

在考虑电动公交车里程约束与司机连续工作时间和总工作时间约束的基础上,研究单条公交线路的电动公交车与司机整合调度问题,即将给定时刻表车次分配给电动公交车和司机,同时,生成车辆运营计划和司机排班计划,设计基于列生成启发式方法求解提出的整合调度问题.列生成方法用于生成线性松弛最优解,将整个问题分解为一个主问题和两个定价子问题...     

面向在线地图的GCN-LSTM神经网络速度预测

为从路网速度中完整提取路段速度的时空特征,实现高精度路段速度预测,通过调用在线地图的路径规划应用程序接口,采集路段的在线地图速度;利用图卷积神经网络(GCN)提取空间特征,利用长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络提取时间特征,建立面向在线地图的GCN-LSTM神经网络,提取路段速度的时空特征,预测路段速度;为测试面向在线地图的GCN-LSTM神经网络表现,并评价在线地图下GCN-LSTM神经网络的优势与面向检测器速度预测模型的可替代性,以局部路网为例分析模型表现,并对比在线地图下不同模型的表现与不同数据源下近似模型的表现。研究结果表明：GCN-LSTM神经网络在训练集和测试集上的平均绝对误差(MAE)均低于5,均方根误差(RMSE)均低于6,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)均低于30%,训练误差和测试误差均处于较低水平,总体表现良好;GCN-LSTM神经网络的路段MAPE服从Gumbel分布,均值均落在19%±4%之间,85%分位点均落在34%±5%之间,2项指标均处于较低水平,个体表现良好;在面向在线地图的速度预测模型中,GCN-LSTM神经网络的MAE、RMSE、MAPE以及MAPE拟合曲线均值、85%分位点最低,总体和个体表现均为最佳,在面向在线地图的速度预测中具有一定优势;在近似模型中,GCN-LSTM神经网络的MAE、RMSE、MAPE以及MAPE拟合曲线均值、85%分位点最低,总体和个体表现均为最佳,则面向在线地图速度预测的可靠性高,可代替面向检测器的速度预测。     

Connectivity analysis of the global shipping network by eigenvalue decomposition

ABSTRACT

Maritime shipping necessitates flexible and cost-effective port access worldwide through the global shipping network. This paper presents an efficient method to identify major port communities, and analyses the network connectivity of the global shipping network based on community structure. The global shipping network is represented by a signless Laplacian matrix which can be decomposed to generate its eigenvectors and corresponding eigenvalues. The largest gaps between the eigenvalues were then used to determine the optimal number of communities within the network. The eigenvalue decomposition method offers the advantage of detecting port communities without relying on a priori assumption about the number of communities and the size of each community. By applying this method to a dataset collected from seven world leading liner shipping companies, we found that the ports are clustered into three communities in the global container shipping network, which is consistent with the major container trade routes. The sparse linkages between port communities indicate where access is relatively poor.     

Obsolete Maps and Coastal Management: Case Studies from Northwest Ireland

On dynamic coastal sites, subject to rapid and sometimes unpredictable shoreline changes, management problems can be aggravated if legally authoritative maps are obsolete. These difficulties are illustrated by two case studies from County Donegal in northwest Ireland. The first case study outlines the problems that arise where statutory functional area boundaries are based on a near century-old map. The second case study deals with the problems of planning development on a site where a customized map only a few years old has been rendered obsolete by rapid coastal erosion. Other problems are caused by the inappropriate use of maps. Suggestions are made to mitigate the effects of outdated maps.     

Plate scanning tools to obtain travel times in traffic networks

The management of vehicle travel times has been shown to be fundamental to traffic network analysis. To collect travel time measurement, some methods focus solely on isolated links or highway segments, and where two measurement points, at the beginning and at the end of a section, are deemed sufficient to evaluate users' travel time. However, in many cases, transport studies involve networks in which the problem is more complex. This article takes advantage of the plate scanning technique to propose an algorithm that minimizes the required number of registering devices and their location in order to identify vehicles candidates to compute the travel times of a given set of routes (or subroutes). The merits of the proposed method are explained using simple examples and are illustrated by its application to the real network of Ciudad Real.     

多元评价体系组合模型在铁路隧道变形预测中的应用

为克服传统预测模型结构单一、预测精度及稳定性不足等缺陷,提出多元体系组合预测模型的建模思路。首先,基于支持向量机、BP神经网络及ARMA模型3种单一预测模型,构建铁路隧道变形预测体系;再以均方根误差、误差平方和及平均绝对误差等为评价准则或指标,构建各预测结果的误差评价体系,求解各单项预测模型的权值贡献指数,得到最优组合权值;然后利用后验差检验、残差检验和关联度检验构建预测精度校验体系,对组合预测结果进行检验,评价预测模型的有效性;最后,结合工程实例,对多元体系组合预测模型在特大断面隧道中的变形预测效果进行检验。结果表明:多元评价体系组合模型预测相对误差值均小于2%,具有较高的预测精度,且较单一预测模型具有更高的预测精度,也一致通过相关检验,验证了多元体系组合预测模型的有效性。     

英语影视教学的课堂组织技巧

本文从外语教学理论分析了影视教学的可行性,并阐述了影视教学目的和策略,再以学生为中心的英语教学模式深入探讨影视教学的课堂组织技巧,最后以美国电视剧《Friends》为例阐述了具体的课堂设计和安排。通过探讨英语影视教学过程中的技巧,说明影视教学作为一种现代教学手段,应该积极且有效地引入到大学英语教学中。     

基于 EM D桘BPN 方法的高速铁路短期客流预测

高速铁路短期客流预测是铁路运输系统的重要组成部分。无论是对列车开行方案的制定,还是对如何采取正确的营销策略,都具有重大的现实意义。通过混合经验模态分解方法和神经网络方法相结合的EMD-BPN方法来预测高速铁路短期客流量。组合方法主要分为三步：首先,使用经验模态分解方法将客流时间序列分解;其次,将IM Fs作为BP神经网络的输入;最后,应用神经网络对客流量做出预测。数值实例表明,该方法对于高速铁路短期客流预测在精度和稳定性上都有良好的表现。     

基于路网容量的商圈停车需求预测研究

分析商圈停车、交通拥堵与商圈持续繁荣的关系,商圈停车需求预测对商圈的可持续发展起着重要作用。为合理预见与科学估算商圈停车需求,结合路网容量、区位关系提出基于路网容量的停车需求预测模型。该模型一方面能平衡区域停车供需,缓解静态设施供需矛盾;另一方面能保证停车需求与路网容量相匹配,对动态交通起到必要的控制作用,缓解商圈周边路网的交通拥堵。最后,通过实例分析证明该模型的可行性。