影响沥青混凝土上面层平整度的因素及其对策

结合广惠高速公路沥青路面施工实施,从沥青混合料材料、设计和施工等角度分析了影响沥青路面上面层平整度的主要因素。在此基础上总结和提出了提高沥青路面平整度的施工质量控制方法和手段,对高等级公路沥青面层的施工具有一定的指导意义。     

高速列车滑模自抗扰黏着控制方法

为解决高速列车运行过程中因轨面情况改变,导致列车没有达到最大黏着利用而出现空转或滑行等问题,设计了一种基于最大黏着系数的滑模自抗扰(SM-ADRC)黏着控制器;考虑轮轨间黏着特性的复杂、时变与非线性等特点,基于黏着机理分析,建立了轮轨间牵引系统的力学模型;采用极大似然估计(MLE)方法对不同轨面的相关参数进行辨识,计算了当前轨面的最大黏着系数,保证列车始终能达到最大黏着利用;通过引入滑模算法改进了自抗扰控制(ADRC)中非线性误差反馈控制律部分,设计了一种SM-ADRC黏着控制算法,利用Levant跟踪微分器减小初始跟踪误差,利用扩张状态观测器(ESO)估计和补偿系统总的外部扰动,由滑模控制提高系统的鲁棒性;采用MATLAB软件对CRH380A型高速列车进行仿真,在轨面情况改变时,由SM-ADRC黏着控制器控制列车跟踪设定速度,并将其与比例积分微分(PID)控制器、滑模控制器、ADRC的仿真结果进行对比。仿真结果表明：干燥轨面的最大黏着系数是0.160,16 s时辨识出真值;潮湿轨面的最大黏着系数是0.106,18 s时辨识出真值;ADRC的速度跟踪误差范围为±1 km·h^-1,轨面变化后,速度跟踪误差波动幅度较大;SM-ADRC黏着控制器的速度跟踪误差范围为±0.4 km·h^-1,轨面变化后,速度跟踪误差波动幅度较小,更加平滑稳定,速度控制跟踪精度更高,且优于PID和滑模控制方法。可见,所提出的SM-ADRC黏着控制器能够实现列车的快速黏着控制,并达到最大的黏着利用。     

The Size Effects on Process Design of Micro Deep Drawing

This paper suggested to reformulate cylindrical deep drawing parameters with dimensionless form. A diagram, in which a feasible zone is drawn to bound both the maximal allowable tension and compression stress during the deep drawing process, was established. Since it is presented in a dimensionless form, it may be applied for both conventional and micro deep drawing. Cylindrical cup deep drawing was taken as an example to show the dimensionless process design method. In addition, the size effects should be taken into account. Two kinds of size effects on micro deep drawing were investigated, which can be explained by surface layer model and strain gradient model. Numerical simulations were carried out to compare the strain distribution with or without consideration of size effect.     

A cost-competitiveness analysis of charging infrastructure for electric bus operations

This study investigates the cost competitiveness of different types of charging infrastructure, including charging stations, charging lanes (via charging-while-driving technologies) and battery swapping stations, in support of an electric public transit system. To this end, we first establish mathematical models to investigate the optimal deployment of various charging facilities along the transit line and determine the optimal size of the electric bus fleet, as well as their batteries, to minimize total infrastructure and fleet costs while guaranteeing service frequency and satisfying the charging needs of the transit system. We then conduct an empirical analysis utilizing available real-world data. The results suggest that: (1) the service frequency, circulation length, and operating speed of a transit system may have a great impact on the cost competitiveness of different charging infrastructure; (2) charging lanes enabled by currently available inductive wireless charging technology are cost competitive for most of the existing bus rapid transit corridors; (3) swapping stations can yield a lower total cost than charging lanes and charging stations for transit systems with high operating speed and low service frequency; (4) charging stations are cost competitive only for transit systems with very low service frequency and short circulation; and (5) the key to making charging lanes more competitive for transit systems with low service frequency and high operating speed is to reduce their unit-length construction cost or enhance their charging power.     

青海省道路气候区划研究

依据气候要素对道路工程建设的影响,根据全省气温、冻土以及潮湿系数的分布状况,结合青海省地形地貌特点,参照交通部部标准《公路自然区划标准》（JTJ003-86）,对青海省公路自然气候作了一、二级区划。一级区划将全省分为多年冻土区和季节冻土区,二级区划全省可分为11类气候类型区域。     

矿料级配对沥青混合料体积指标的影响

采用正交试验方法,研究了矿料级配对GTM和马歇尔法成型的AC-16型沥青混合料体积指标的影响,并采用SPSS统计软件对混合料体积指标与其矿料级配参数的关系进行了多元线性回归,发现成型方法不同,级配各因素对沥青混合料空隙率的影响大小排序并不一致,传统马歇尔击实可能会改变矿料级配的结构,而GTM混合料体积指标与其矿料级配参数的回归关系式可作为优化级配的依据。     

基于短连线的过饱和信号交叉口最大延误模型

为了解决过饱和状态下短连线的信号交叉口路段长度对延误影响的问题,推导出了基于短连线的过饱和信号交叉口最大延误模型。首先分析经典延误模型的盲区:在连接短连线信号交叉口车辆排队长度达到路段长度后,排队车辆就不能再增加;然后利用排队长度与延误关系推导出适用于该状态下的延误模型,并且提出当短连线相连2个交叉口信号相位差为0时所计算出来的延误是最大延误;最后通过算例对比了提出的延误模型与定数理论延误模型。结果表明:路段长度限制对于过饱和状态下连接短连线的信号交叉口延误的计算有很大影响,所提出的方法能够有效解决这一问题。     

高性能引气道面混凝土应用研究

针对我国寒冷地区机场道面混凝土的耐久性不良现象,通过研究含气量对道面混凝土工作性、抗折强度、抗冻性能及耐磨性能的影响规律,采用复掺引气剂和减水剂的技术途径,配制出了维勃稠度15～30S,28天抗折强度5.8MPa以上、抗冻性及耐磨性等耐久性优良的高性能道面混凝土,并提出了寒冷地区道面混凝土最大水灰比为0.45、最小水泥用量为280kg/m3、含气量为3%～5%较合理。     

汽车起动机衬套的使用

介绍起动机衬套的种类、安装位置、配合间隙，例举因衬套引发故障的现象、故障点及排除方法，列表给出了市场上90％型号衬套的适用车型。     

粗粒土的室内试验研究

粗粒土具有良好的工程使用性能,广泛应用于当前的工程建设中。通过粗粒土室内试验研究,分析含水量的变化、击实功的变化及粗粒百分含量的变化等对粗粒土最大干密度的影响,进一步认识了粗粒土的工程特性,更好地服务于土木工程建设。