隧道软弱围岩挤压大变形非线性流变力学特征及其锚固机制研究

介绍围岩大变形的工程实例、隧道围岩挤压性大变形的定义及其工程特征。系统总结国际上隧道围岩挤压性大变形的3种预测方法,即： 经验法、半经验半理论法和试验判定法。将Hoek（1999）对围岩挤压大变形的预测和判定方法（半经验半理论法）应用于乌鞘岭隧道岭脊段F7断层带开挖施工中的围岩稳定性判别,并对这种预测方法进行了可靠性评价,认为有支护情况下比无支护情况下变形预测失效概率要小得多,也就是说毛洞围岩变形收敛率的大小更难以掌控。介绍作者团队对隧道围岩挤压性大变形问题按三维非线性流变的理论分析、相应专用软件的研制;并将理论研究计算成果与现场实测数据进行对比,结果按大变形三维问题的计算值比按小变形二维平面问题的计算值更接近工程实际;同时,指出了有待进一步深化研讨的若干问题。最后,提出了管控/约束隧道围岩大变形持续发展的锚固技术措施--一种新型大尺度让压锚杆/预应力长锚索,分析其机制和优势,介绍其构造类型,并提出下一步的研究思路。该方法已在几处工地不同程度地成功实施,取得了应有的经济效益和技术成果。     

单壳船侧结构的碰撞能量吸收

文章提出一种近似的解析方法评估单壳船侧结构的耐撞性。首先研究了单轴对称工字梁在横向载荷作用下结构从形成塑性铰到弦响应的力学过程,导出能量和变形的近似解析关系,然后考虑球鼻首和船侧结构的碰撞性将主要受撞区域舷侧板梁组合结构离散成为多个单轴对称工字梁,得到单壳舷侧结构碰撞过程能量吸收的近似公式,同时研究了球鼻形状以及不同碰撞位置对结构变形与能量吸收的影响。对散货船单壳舷侧结构的耐撞性用本文近似理论公式     

CCD技术在非接触式角度测量中的应用

对采用CCD非接触式角度测量法测量机、船之间的方位关系进行了研究。对达到的精度以及采用统计学的原理对该方法的误差分析有详细的理论推导及公式证明。就实际的应用环境，对采用CCD法进行角度测量时应该注意的问题也作了研究和论述。     

大鼠附睾上皮内ACP及NSE与过剩精子处理的关系初探

目的　研究大鼠附睾上皮细胞PAS阳性物质的性质 ,以及与溶酶体的酸性水解酶、附睾腔内过剩精子消化处理之间的关系 ,借以阐明附睾上皮处理过剩精子的机制。方法　用组织化学的方法显示PAS阳性物质、非特异性酯酶 (NSE)和酸性磷酸酶 (ACP)并研究其相互关系。结果　PAS阳性颗粒分布于PAS阳性细胞的核下区、核上区或充满整个胞质 ,也可见于附睾管腔内 ,尤其是附睾上皮近腔面 ,呈条带状 ;NSE、ACP阳性颗粒均位于胞质的核上方及附睾上皮的近腔面。结论　NSE、ACP与PAS的染色结果一致 ,说明附睾上皮除吞噬精子外 ,还可能分泌溶酶体酶进入附睾上皮的近腔面以初步处理精子 ,而精子残骸穿过附睾上皮进入间质可能进一步被巨噬细胞系统消化处理     

民营科技企业融资困难的原因和对策探讨

从企业内部和外部两个方面分析了民营科技企业融资困难的原因，在此基础上提出解决融资问题的对策建议：（1）在思想认识上，应坚持“三要三不要”原则和制定“有所为，有所不为”的重点资助计划；（2）在融资体系的建设上，应从企业、政府和国际三个层次来建设“多层次、多渠道、全方位”的融资体系。     

A NEW APPROACH FOR PREDICTING DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF EXTRA-HIGH SPEED DIGITAL VALVE

Nomenclaturet- Time( s)μ0 - Permeability of air( H/ m)μ- Permeability of the material ( H/ m)U- Voltage( V)I- Circuit current ( A)R- Circuit resistance( Ω)N- Number of coil turnx- Plunger displacement ( m)x- Plunger speedΦ - Magnetic flux ( Wb)B- Magnetic flux density( T)H - Magnetic filed ( A/ m)M- Mass of moving parts( kg)Fmag- Magnetic force( N)Fspring- Spring setting force( N)Fc- Viscidity resistance ( N)Fhyd- Reaction force causedby the flowing oil( N)L- Inductance ( …     

带交货期约束条件下装配制造企业供应链运作优化

以装配型制造企业的供应链系统为研究对象,应用开放式方程构建交货期约束条件下,装配制造企业供应链时变批量优化模型。模型考虑整个供应链中各节点的能力约束、供应链运作过程中各环节的时间约束和零件装配的数量比值约束。结合混合整数优化和SQP算法求解该优化模型。最后通过对两供应商单制造商两客户点的算例说明装配型制造企业整体供应链优化决策的必要性和正确性。     

A decomposition approach to determining fleet size and structure with network flow effects and demand uncertainty

This paper presents a new methodology to determine fleet size and structure for those airlines operating on hub‐and‐spoke networks. The methodology highlights the impact of stochastic traffic network flow effects on fleet planning process and is employed to construct an enhanced revenue model by incorporating the expected revenue optimization model into fleet planning process. The objective of the model is to find a feasible allocation of aircraft fleet types to route legs using minimum fleet purchasing cost, thus ensuring that the expected fleet profit is maximized subject to several critical resource constraints. By using a linear approximation to the total network revenue function, the fleet planning model with enhanced revenue modeling is decomposed into the nonlinear aspects of expected revenue optimization and the linear aspects of determining fleet size and structure by optimal allocation of aircraft fleet types to route legs. To illustrate this methodology and its economic benefits, an example consisting of 6 chosen aircraft fleet types, 12 route legs, and 57 path‐specific origin‐destination markets is presented and compared with the results found using revenue prorated fleet planning formulation. The results show that the fleet size and structure of the methodology proposed in this paper gain 211.4% improvement in fleet profit over the use of the revenue prorated fleet planning approach. In addition, comparison with the deterministic model reveals that the fleet size and structure of this proposed methodology are more adaptable to the fluctuations of passenger demands. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Survey and empirical evaluation of nonhomogeneous arrival process models with taxi data

Arrival processes are important inputs to many transportation system functions, such as vehicle prepositioning, taxi dispatch, bus holding strategies, and dynamic pricing. We conduct a comprehensive survey of the literature which shows that many transport systems employ basic homogeneous arrival process models or static nonhomogeneous processes. We conduct an empirical experiment to compare five state of the art arrival process short term prediction models using a common transportation system data set: New York taxi passenger pickups in 2013. Pickup data is split between 672 observations for model estimation and 96 observations for validation. From our experiment, we obtain evidence to support a recent model called FM‐IntGARCH, which is able to combine the benefits of both time series models and discrete count processes. Using a set of seven performance metrics from the literature, FM‐IntGARCH is shown to outperform the offline models—seasonal factor method, piecewise linear model—as well as the online models—ARIMA, Gaussian Cox process. Implications for operating data‐driven “smart” transit systems and urban informatics are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.