舰船复合材料结构物应用工程技术特点及内涵分析

针对舰船平台技术所面临的发展需求与挑战,从总体平台特性、综合隐身以及综合保障技术发展需求的角度,简要分析开展舰船复合材料结构物应用工程的必要性和紧迫性.以西方国家潜艇应用为例,梳理国外舰船复合材料结构物应用发展思路,提出并阐明舰船功能复合材料结构物应用工程的3个"一体化"技术特点,着重探讨总体/结构设计技术的定义、内涵...     

单向复合材料高应变率下材料特性的研究(英文)

在船舶领域,复合材料及夹芯复合材料板梁结构已大量应用在舰船结构中,尤其游艇及复合材料高速艇上.在运行过程中,这些结构有时很可能会受到如砰击、碰撞等动态载荷或高速冲击载荷.然而到目前为止,大多数的结构设计所用到的材料特性仍基于低应变率情况下的准静态测试结果.该文研究了高速艇等结构中的纤维增强复合材料高应变率情况下的材料特性,通过引入一种粘弹性模型来模拟并分析研究对象.并在世界先进的INSTRON高应变率材料试验机上设计并完成了相关试验,验证了该枯弹性模型、确定了模型中的材料参数.该粘弹性模型然后被用来研究分析应变率对单向复合材料机械特性的影响.     

海工混凝土腐蚀成因与控制措施

海工混凝土构筑物由于自身的缺陷及海水的侵蚀,往往容易导致钢筋锈蚀,从而造成混凝土破坏。根据混凝土的腐蚀机理,从混凝土构筑物的工作环境出发分析延缓混凝土产生腐蚀破坏的途径及手段,从设计及施工的角度提出相应的工程措施。     

Structural response of a flexible pipe with damaged tensile armor wires under pure tension

This article studies the structural response of a 6.0” flexible pipe under pure tension considering intact and damaged conditions. In the damaged condition, several wires of the tensile armor layers are assumed to be broken. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element (FE) model devoted to analyze the local mechanical response of flexible pipes is employed in this study. This model is capable of representing each tensile armor wire and, therefore, localized defects, including total rupture, may be adequately represented. Results from experimental tests validate the FE predictions and indicate a reduction in the axial stiffness of the pipe, a non-uniform redistribution of forces among the remaining intact wires of the damaged tensile armor layers and high stress concentrations in the wires near the broken ones. Moreover, the FE model indicates that significant normal bending stresses may arise in the pressure armor and inner carcass due to an uneven pressure distribution on these layers. Finally, the results obtained are employed to estimate the pull out capacity of the studied flexible pipe.     

富水软土地层浅埋大跨隧道设计

本文以一座设计开挖宽度近 2 0 m,而覆盖层仅 3m左右的地下过街通道为例 ,分析判断富水软土地层中采用浅埋暗挖法隧道设计施工存在的问题和解决的方法。     

Extensive study on the design loads used for strength assessment of tanker and bulk carrier structures

ClassNK has undertaken wide-ranging basic research covering many aspects related to the safety of ship structures, including design loads, structural analysis, strength assessment of buckling, collapse, and fatigue, and rational corrosion margins to develop new design standards which have transparency and consistency. Among the wide-ranging basic research, this article summarizes the results of extensive work on the design loads used for strength assessments of tanker and bulk carrier structures. The main aim of the research was to develop practical estimation methods of design loads with rational technical backgrounds relating to the actual loads acting on the primary structural members of tankers and bulk carriers. During this study, we proposed the following methodology. Design sea states that closely resemble the actual sea states which are considered to be the most severe for hull structures. Find practical estimation methods for the design sea states by parametric studies using the results of series calculations on representative tankers and bulk carriers. Find practical estimation methods for design regular waves which will result in the same level of stresses as those induced in irregular waves under the design sea states. We also briefly introduced some practical estimation methods for the design loads, such as ship motions, accelerations, hull-girder bending moments, and hydrodynamic pressures that are induced under design regular waves. The findings in this study have been summarized and implemented in the new design standards for tanker and bulk carrier structures.Updated from the Japanese original which won the 2003 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2002; 191:195–207; 2002; 191:208–220; and 2002; 192:723–733)     

机车车辆焊接结构疲劳分析关键问题研究

为确保铁道机车车辆各焊接承载部件在整个寿命期间安全可靠,在分析国际上对动态承载焊接结构疲劳研究的基础上,提出机车车辆焊接部件疲劳分析应明确的各类关键问题.主要包括焊接结构的疲劳特征、应力分析原则和应力谱的确定、疲劳评定方法和强度数据的选取、累积损伤准则的实际应用及多轴疲劳的处理方法等.疲劳理论经典算法表明,上述关键问题的较好解决将有助于大幅地提高疲劳分析精度,将其应用于结构设计可保证焊接承载部件具有足够的疲劳强度.     

On the dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves in a plate

This paper deals with the dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves in pontoon-type very large floating structures (VLFS) using a simple beam modeling, where the term hydroelastic waves means propagation of deflection vibrations in VLFS. The purpose of this paper is to show the properties of the hydroelastic waves. The dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves propagating in an infinite plate floating on the water is derived based on the linear water wave theory. The effects of the water depth and of the bending rigidity of the floating plate on the wavelength, phase velocity, and group velocity of the hydroelastic waves are shown theoretically or numerically. Then, the dispersion relation of hydroelastic waves in a finite plate floating on shallow water is investigated. It is shown that the wavelength or the phase velocity of the hydroelastic waves varies with the location in the plate. Received for publication on April 7, 1999; accepted on Aug. 20, 1999     

汽车轻量化的现状及展望（续1）

减少汽车质量不仅是人类社会的需求，也是汽车使用者的需求。目前，世界上很多国家正在开展汽车轻量化的研究，并且有了富有成效的成果。为了达到减轻汽车质量的目的，最有效的途径是使用新材料、制造新技术和改进汽车结构。通过这些途径，汽车的安全性，舒适性，操纵性等都会得到提高。通常使用高强度钢板、铝合金、镁合金可以减轻汽车质量。新制造技术包括设计新结构、改善制造以及装配工艺。未来将不断研发新材料、新工艺，以满足汽车轻量化的更多需求。     

船舶结构混合变量优化的遗传算法

本文针对船舶结构优化设计中普遍存在的混合离散变量现象，对遗传算法进行了若干探讨和改进，以直接获得实用的最优解。通过两个船舶结构优化的算例，验证了本文方法的有效性。