基于支持向量机的物流量预测——以成都市为例

考虑到支持向量机强大的泛化能力,运用支持向量机技术预测了成都市近期和中期物流量.研究表明,随着样本数据的增加,支持向量机的预测值与实际值间的相对误差总体呈下降趋势,并且与多元线性回归方法相比,支持向量机具有较高的预测精度,证明了支持向量机用于物流量预测的有效性.     

长大隧道监控量测技术

随时监控量测技术能够快速准确地量测隧道整个断面的变形情况,及时掌握监控围岩的稳定状态,较好地预测现场围岩的变化情况.主要介绍深圳葵坝路隧道施工过程的监测方法,并对监测数据进行回归分析.实践证明,该方法可较准确地预测围岩的最终变形量,评判围岩等级及支护结构的稳定性.     

城市道路拥堵状态下驾驶人换道特性研究

交通拥堵状态下车辆行驶速度低于驾驶人期望车速,引发驾驶人变换车道以获得更好的行车空间,由此导致不同程度的交通冲突。首先分析交通拥堵对驾驶人换道行为的影响,依据导致的交通冲突数和冲突程度将换道驾驶行为分为三种类型。基于大量实测数据,分别研究小型客车、大型客车、小型货车在交通拥堵状态下的车道变换特性,构建三种类型换道比例与交通拥堵压力系数的关系模型。结果表明,交通拥堵对三种类型车辆的换道行为均产生显著影响;相比小型客车和大型客车,小型货车不同类型换道比例分布更加离散。     

Pedestrian gap acceptance for mid-block street crossing

Abstract

This paper investigates pedestrians' traffic gap acceptance for mid-block street crossing in urban areas. A field survey was carried out at an uncontrolled mid-block location in Athens, Greece. Pedestrians' decisions and traffic conditions were videotaped in terms of the size of traffic gaps rejected or accepted, waiting times and crossing attempts and vehicle speeds. A lognormal regression model was developed to examine pedestrian gap acceptance. It was found that gap acceptance was better explained by the distance from the incoming vehicle, rather than its speed. Other significant effects included illegal parking, presence of other pedestrians and incoming vehicles’ size. A binary logistic regression model was developed to examine the effect of traffic gaps and other parameters on pedestrians' decisions to cross the street or not. The results reveal that this decision is affected by the distance from the incoming vehicles and the waiting times of pedestrians.     

An adaptive neural network-fuzzy linear regression approach for improved car ownership estimation and forecasting in complex and uncertain environments: the case of Iran

This paper applies a novel adaptive approach consisting of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Linear Regression (FLR) to improve car ownership forecasting in complex, ambiguous, and uncertain environments. This integrated approach is applied to forecast car ownership in Iran from 1930 to 2007. In this study, the level of car ownership is viewed as the result of demographic, politico-social, and urban structure factors including average family size, total population density, urban population density, urbanization rate, gross national product per capita, gasoline price, and total road length. To capture the potential complexity, uncertainty, and linearity relation between the car ownership function and its determinants, ANN and FLR (including eight well-known FLR) approaches are applied to the collected data. Next, the preferred ANN is selected based on sensitivity analysis results for the test data while the preferred FLR is identified with regard to ANOVA and MAPE results. The results obtained from the performance comparison demonstrate the considerable superiority of the preferred ANN over the preferred FLR regarding the nonlinear and complex nature of the car ownership function in Iran. This is the first study that presents an ANN-FLR approach for car ownership forecasting capable of handling complexity and non-linearity, uncertainty, pre-processing, and post-processing.     

交通可达性与城市经济活动的空间特征分析：以北京市为例

借助开源大数据平台,提出交通可达性及城市经济活动数据采集策略,利用全局常参数和局部变参数回归模型研究北京市六环区域内两者的空间特征.相比于全局模型,局部模型能够较好地刻画交通可达性与城市经济活动间的空间异质性特征.结果表明,私人交通可达性呈现以天安门为中心径向递减的多圈层结构,公共交通呈现轨道交通沿线区域高的特点.交通可达性与经济活动匹配度具有空间非平稳性,空间分离和匹配现象并存.西北部、中部区域空间匹配特征显著,东北部、东部区域次之,西南区域空间分离现象最为严重.丰台及良乡等分离区域,宜重视道路及轨道线网等基础设施建设工作;未来科学城等私人交通匹配,公共交通分离的区域,可考虑修建轨道线路,并增加公交运营服务水平;中关村科学城、北京经济技术开发区等匹配区域,以调整交通运营管理政策为主.     

基于网络核密度的网约车上下客热点识别

为分析网约车上下客热点的时空分布特性,利用网约车订单数据,构建基于网络核密度估计的上下客热点识别模型,采用回归模型对热点进行聚类和分级。通过研究区域划定、数据清洗和筛选,引入以路网距离为度量的网络核密度估计方法,基于非均质网络方向延展和网络距离衰减效应,对工作日和非工作日的特征时段内网约车上下客点的核密度值进行估计。采用零膨胀负二项回归模型对核密度值进行聚类,识别出研究区域的热点路段分布及其等级。通过与平面核密度估计结果对比分析,本文提出的网络核密度估计方法体现了上下客热点在路段和交叉口的分布特点,表征了实际的交通需求与路网结构的关系。研究结论为优化城市网约车的运营管理、提高城市居民出行效率提供理论依据。     

基于数据流集成回归的短时交通流预测

传统的交通流预测技术使用静态和离线算法,无法对模型的参数值和内部结构进行在线调整.然而,交通流变化具有明显的动态性,其内在模式会随时间发生变化,导致构建好的模型准确度下降.针对上述问题,提出了基于数据流集成回归的短时交通流预测模型.将不断产生的交通流数据划分成数据块,每个数据块训练1个基础回归模型,然后加权组合为集成模型.通过不断训练新的基础模型,并置换出集成模型中准确度最差的基础模型,实现在线更新.在实测数据上的对比实验结果表明,与静态离线的BN模型相比,模型的均方根误差降低了19.5%,运算时间降低了48.7%,并能够快速适应交通状况发生明显变化的情况,适用于城市主干道路的短时交通流预测问题.      

非线性模型在钢桥面铺装层温度场计算中的应用

根据预测量钢桥面铺装结构温度场对预测因子气温的依赖关系,基于工程实例中钢桥面铺装层温度场和气温的实测数据,用统计分析软件PASW进行铺装层表面极端温度非线性回归模型求解,并确定了该项工程钢桥面铺装结构的设计温度,对于钢桥面铺装的设计具有一定的指导意义.     

监控量测技术在五指山隧道施工中的应用

结合和榆高速公路五指山隧道工程实例,介绍了五指山隧道施工监控量测的方法,并利用数学方法对监测数据进行处理和回归分析,以预测围岩的变形趋势,为合理的支护时机提供科学依据,达到了指导现场施工的目的。