Understanding time use: Daily or weekly data?

The appropriate duration of time diaries as a source of time use data is analyzed in a structured way. Nine detailed European surveys based on seven-days diaries are used in order to study different dimensions of data quality, duration and variability of activities, and modeling capabilities. Pseudo diaries of 1, 2 (one week, one weekend) and 3 (one week, both weekend) days are constructed to further analyze these issues, selecting the seven-days diaries data as a benchmark. Comparative results show that two and three-days weighted surveys seem to be an adequate surrogate for the information obtained in weekly surveys that capture a basic work–leisure cycle.     

基于价值工程的全生命周期趸船材质方案比选研究

将趸船整个生命周期过程中的技术先进性、经济合理性和环境协调性有机地融合为一体,基于价值工程理论提出趸船材质方法比选。实例表明在千岛湖这样的大吨位船舶碰撞概率很小的水域,采用混凝土趸船明显优于钢质趸船。     

Robust traffic assignment model: Formulation,solution algorithms and empirical application

ABSTRACT

The deterministic traffic assignment problem based on Wardrop's first criterion of traffic network utilization has been widely studied in the literature. However, the assumption of deterministic travel times in these models is restrictive, given the large degree of uncertainty prevalent in urban transportation networks. In this context, this paper proposes a robust traffic assignment model that generalizes Wardrop's principle of traffic network equilibrium to networks with stochastic and correlated link travel times and incorporates the aversion of commuters to unreliable routes.

The user response to travel time uncertainty is modeled using the robust cost (RC) measure (defined as a weighted combination of the mean and standard deviation of path travel time) and the corresponding robust user equilibrium (UE) conditions are defined. The robust traffic assignment problem (RTAP) is subsequently formulated as a Variational Inequality problem. To solve the RTAP, a Gradient Projection algorithm is proposed, which involves solving a series of minimum RC path sub-problems that are theoretically and practically harder than deterministic shortest path problems. In addition, an origin-based heuristic is proposed to enhance computational performance on large networks. Numerical experiments examine the computational performance and convergence characteristics of the exact algorithm and establish the accuracy and efficiency of the origin-based heuristic on various real-world networks. Finally, the proposed RTA model is applied to the Chennai road network using empirical data, and its benefits as a normative benchmark are quantified through comparisons against the standard UE and System Optimum (SO) models.     

柴油发动机掺烧生物柴油的经济性研究

为了更好地评价柴油机燃用生物柴油的经济性,分析了生物柴油和0#石化柴油的理化性质,分别对生物柴油的体积分数为0.2,0.5,1的B20、B50、B100 3种燃料和0#柴油在495Q3柴油机上进行了试验。试验结果显示燃用3种燃料的燃油消耗率比0#柴油在中小负荷时平均增加5.30%,9.65%,19.04%,大负荷时平均增加2.86%,4.75%,9.64%;能量等值折合油耗率在中小负荷时平均增加2.65%,2.63%,5.74%,大负荷时平均降低0.26%,1.97%,4.80%。     

新常态下工业4.0对我国汽车产业转型升级的启示

阐述了工业4.0的内涵和目的,分析了当前我国汽车产业发展面临的重大挑战,提出了新常态下借鉴工业4.0,加快我国汽车产业转型升级的几点启示。     

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飞机多机种出动架次率是衡量飞机作战效能的重要指标,本文对空军场站军用飞机多机种（型）出动架次率进行了研究。通过对飞机出动回收过程的描述,基于排队理论建立多服务器多服务率的飞机多机种（型）出动回收网络模型,并采用扩展后的平均值分析对飞机出动能力进行了求解。通过解析计算,给出飞机多机种（型）出动架次率曲线,分析架次率与飞机数量之间的关系,并结合平均队长、利用率等系统性能指标,识别出制约飞机多机种（型）出动架次率提高的因素。最后通过蒙特卡洛仿真对构建的回收网络模型的计算结果进行验证。验证结果表明,飞机多机种（型）出动网络模型及其算法适合应用于实践中,并且有助于对空军场站飞机多机种（型）出动能力的研究。     

中国铁路提速后技术进步对产出贡献的测算

选取我国铁路提速后1997~2007年间的相关数据,采用基于科布——道格拉斯生产函数的Solow余值法,将有限分布滞后模型和半参数回归模型引入计算模型,对数据进行拟合,计算得到铁路提速后技术进步、固定资本投入以及人力资本投入对产出的贡献率,并根据计算结果提出促进我国高速铁路建设的相关对策建议.     

数字编码制式无绝缘轨道电路调谐单元探析

介绍了数字编码制式的音频无绝缘轨道电路轨旁调谐单元的结构及组成,对其进行了频率特性的测试研究。数字编码制式的音频无绝缘轨道电路轨旁调谐单元具有良好的选频特性。     

对桥梁两种橡胶支座减隔震性能的理论分析

笔者在文中对桥梁板式橡胶支座和铅芯橡胶支座在建立线弹性模型基础上,利用减隔震设计原理对其性能进行理论分析.在指出板式橡胶支座的不足之后,进一步对铅芯橡胶支座的主要参数如初始刚度、屈服刚度、铅芯直径等对其减隔震功能的影响进行了分析.通过分析指出铅芯橡胶支座的优点以及它是如何克服了板式橡胶支座不足的.     

基于层次分析法和D-S证据理论的码头风险评估

在码头风险评估过程中,目前常用的方法对风险事件发生的概率和影响上有一些主观的定性分析,带有结论上的模糊性.运用一种层次分析法和证据理论结合的方法可以提高评估的准确性和可靠度,该方法通过层次分析法确定各评估因素的权重,在此过程中用D-S证据理论对专家评分数据进行融合修正,运用D-S证据理论的合成法则确定码头的风险值.将该...