Tyre/road noise damping characteristics using nomographs and fundamental vibroacoustical relationships

Several studies have successfully developed laboratory and field measurement techniques to estimate tyre/road noise damping characteristics. However, laboratory–field noise correlations of pavement types in the form of nomographs is essential to cognize the pavements’ acoustical properties from a practical perspective. A toolkit that readily provides field tyre/road noise intensity of different pavement materials is needed. Thus, the main objective of this study was to develop nomographs with relationships for tyre/road noise versus pavement materials’ viscoelastic–vibroacoustical properties. Isothermal and isochronal nomographs of phase angle–tyre/road noise as toolkits were developed based upon well-established phase angle and noise intensities typical of mixtures, making the nomograph correlations very authentic, realistic, and novel along with benefit to predict tyre/road noise at any desired temperature and traffic speed (or frequency) combination. This study is envisaged to benefit in the discernment of road materials’ damping capabilities from vibroacoustical and field noise–viscoelastic relation aspects.     

船舶推进同步电机PTI/PTO模式研究

PTI/PTO推进是最近发展起来的一种新型船舶推进方式,兼具传统柴油机推进和电力推进优点,可实现多种船舶工作模式,具有操控性好、安全、经济等特点,将是未来船舶推进方式发展方向之一.本文介绍了PTI/PTO推进模式理论和工作模式,便于理解该推进方式,希望有助于船舶推进技术的发展.     

STAAD/CHINA在搭架设计及强度校核中的应用

搭架作业是船舶修造日常工作中比较普通、常见的工程,合理、快速地设计和校验脚手架的强度,直接影响生产施工的安全性、经济性和效率。文章介绍了如何使用有限元软件STAAD/CHINA对搭架方案进行建模计算及校验,计算结果接近实际,提高了强度校验的效率。     

Assessment of fatigue strength of steel butt-welded joints in as-welded condition – Alternative approaches for curve fitting and mean stress effect analysis

Experimental fatigue data for butt-welded joints in as-welded condition and under constant amplitude tensile loading (secondary bending included) were analyzed using the nominal stress system and the notch stress system. Two approaches were used; a standard fitting procedure and minimization of the sum of squared perpendicular distances from a line with a fixed and free slope. In all cases, the latter method gave better agreement between the experimental and predicted fatigue life and fatigue strength. The analyses showed both with all broken specimen data included and with reduced data that the FAT225 curve, as recommended by IIW, might be too optimistic for the notch stress approach in the case of butt-welded joints in as-welded condition. It was also found that use of the local stress ratio instead of the applied stress ratio might explain many issues concerning current observations and apparent inconsistencies in reported literature.     

Dynamic demand estimation and prediction for traffic urban networks adopting new data sources

Nowadays, new mobility information can be derived from advanced traffic surveillance systems that collect updated traffic measurements, both in fixed locations and over specific corridors or paths. Such recent technological developments point to challenging and promising opportunities that academics and practitioners have only partially explored so far.The paper looks at some of these opportunities within the Dynamic Demand Estimation problem (DDEP). At first, data heterogeneity, accounting for different sets of data providing a wide spatial coverage, has been investigated for the benefit of off-line demand estimation. In an attempt to mimic the current urban networks monitoring, examples of complex real case applications are being reported where route travel times and route choice probabilities from probe vehicles are exploited together with common link traffic measurements.Subsequently, on-line detection of non-recurrent conditions is being recorded, adopting a sequential approach based on an extension of the Kalman Filter theory called Local Ensemble Transformed Kalman Filter (LETKF).Both the off-line and the on-line investigations adopt a simulation approach capable of capturing the highly nonlinear dependence between the travel demand and the traffic measurements through the use of dynamic traffic assignment models. Consequently, the possibility of using collected traffic information is enhanced, thus overcoming most of the limitations of current DDEP approaches found in the literature.     

Sensitivity analysis of parameters for multi-stand roll forming using a new booting model

Multi-stand roll forming is a process that has very complicated deformation behaviour and shows significant nonlinearity.In this paper, the sensitivity analysis of parameters for multi-stand roll forming was performed via a new booting finite element method(FEM) model.Compared with the most of simulation, the new model is more consistent with production process and can account for the effects of roll rotating speed.Based on the model, the process of an open section channel formed with 10 passes was simulated and the sensitivity analysis was conducted with orthogonal experiment design combined FEM model.The multi-stand roll forming process can be efficiently analyzed by the new booting model.And sensitivity analysis shows the hardening exponent plays an important role in controlling the quality of the products.     

快速老化小鼠的学习记忆缺陷及其生化机制

目的用快速老化小鼠(SAMP8)模拟老年痴呆,观察其学习记忆能力,并探讨其学习记忆能力下降的可能机制。方法采用10月龄SAMP8,并用同龄抗快速老化小鼠(SAMR1)作为正常对照。用水迷路检测近记忆以及空间学习记忆能力。用生物化学方法检测大脑皮层线粒体膜电位和ATP酶活力,观察线粒体功能;检测皮层和海马胆碱乙酰基转移酶(ChAT)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的活力,观察中枢胆碱能神经功能;检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察其全身性氧化应激状况。结果与SAMR1相比,SAMP8出现明显的衰老体征,其近记忆和空间学习记忆能力明显减弱,具有衰老和痴呆特征;皮层线粒体膜电位和ATP酶活力显著降低,海马ChAT活力显著下降,AChE活力显著升高,血清SOD活力稍有增高。结论SAMP8可以很好地模拟老年痴呆,其机制包括大脑皮层线粒体功能降低、海马胆碱能神经功能下降以及氧化应激等。     

基于ASP.NET的B/S架构的软件在Windows7系统下的部署

本文重点研究了对于B/S架构的软件在Windows7系统下部署时应该采用的一系列方法及在部署时遇到的一系列问题的解决方案。文中分析了利用ASP.NET开发的B/S架构的软件的优点并在此基础上介绍了软件部署的流程。本文在分析过程中结合具体实例提出了部署中一些常见问题的解决方案。     

姜黄素促进RAW264.7源性M1巨噬细胞向替代激活M2表型极化

目的观察姜黄素对LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)极化的影响及机制。方法不同浓度姜黄素(6.25、12.5、25μmol/L)干预LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)12h,同时再加入20μmol/L GW9662与25μmol/L姜黄素共同干预LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)12h,采用Real-time PCR、ELISA及Western blot方法检测IL-1β、IL-6和M2表型标志分子KLF4、FIZZ1、MGL1、PPARγ的表达,及阻断PPARγ后KLF4和FIZZ1的表达。结果不同浓度姜黄素均能上调LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)的M2标志分子的表达,并且抑制炎症因子IL-1β和IL-6的分泌;阻断PPARγ后,RAW264.7巨噬细胞源性M1表型巨噬细胞表达M2标志分子下调。结论姜黄素通过活化PPARγ促进LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)向M2表型极化。     

吸烟和β3-肾上腺素能受体基因Trp64Arg、锰超氧化物歧化酶9Ala/Val基因多态性与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的相关性

目的探讨吸烟和β3-肾上腺素能受体(β3-AR))基因Trp64Arg、锰超氧化物歧化酶9Ala/Val(MnSOD9Ala/Val)基因多态性与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)发病之间的关系。方法采用病例-对照研究的方法,以720例NAFLD患者及720例健康对照者的外周血白细胞为样本,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术分析β3-AR基因Trp64Arg和MnSOD9Ala/Val基因多态性。结果β3-AR基因Trp64Arg(A/A)基因型和MnSOD9Ala/Val(V/V)基因型频率分布分别为39.4%、71.7%(病例组)和21.1%、43.3%(对照组),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01;P<0.01)。Trp64Arg(A/A)基因型者患NAFLD的风险显著增加(OR=2.434,95%CI=1.816~4.075)。MnSOD9Ala/Val(V/V)基因型者患NAFLD的风险也显著增加(OR=3.308,95%CI=1.913~4.509)。基因突变的协同分析发现,Trp64Arg(A/A)/MnSOD9Ala/Val(V/V)基因型者在NAFLD组和对照组中的分布频率分别为32.8%和6.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Trp64Arg(A/A)/MnSOD9Ala/Val(V/V)基因型者患NAFLD的风险显著增加(OR=9.753,95%CI=4.292~12.426)。病例组的吸烟率显著高于对照组(OR=2.623,95%CI=1.425~4.957),Trp64Arg(A/A)/MnSOD9Ala/Val(V/V)基因型与吸烟有协同作用(OR=33.764,95%CI=18.907~61.582)。结论 Trp64Arg(A/A)/MnSOD9Ala/Val(V/V)基因型和吸烟是NAFLD的易患因素,三者的联合在NAFLD的发生中起着协同的作用。