大型起重铺管船稳性特点与船型设计

半潜起重铺管船是一种技术形态复杂的海洋工程船舶,随着世界各国对海洋油气资源的开发利用而日益受到重视。文章介绍了大型起重铺管船在稳性方面的特点,并分析了其对船型和主尺度选择的影响,希望能对同类船的研究提供参考。     

基于Vega的双通道船舶甲板重吊视景仿真系统

针对船舶甲板重吊货物吊装的操作使用,以三维建模软件MultiGen-Creator、实时仿真驱动软件Vega及VC++为平台,创建码头地形、吊车及船舶等三维模型。基于Vega API函数与C++相结合编程实现船舶货物吊装视景仿真系统的驱动。仿真结果表明,该系统具有较高的真实度,能解决船舶货物装卸的运动模拟、吊装方案设计等诸多问题。     

The effect of railway local irregularities on ground vibration

The environmental effects of ground-borne vibrations generated due to localised railway defects is a growing concern in urban areas. Frequency domain modelling approaches are well suited for predicting vibration levels on standard railway lines due to track periodicity. However, when considering individual, non-periodic, localised defects (e.g. a rail joint), frequency domain modelling becomes challenging. Therefore in this study, a previously validated, time domain, three-dimensional ground vibration prediction model is modified to analyse such defects. A range of different local (discontinuous) rail and wheel irregularity are mathematically modelled, including: rail joints, switches, crossings and wheel flats. Each is investigated using a sensitivity analysis, where defect size and vehicle speed is varied. To quantify the effect on railroad ground-borne vibration levels, a variety of exposure–response relationships are analysed, including: peak particle velocity, maximum weighted time-averaged velocity and weighted decibel velocity. It is shown that local irregularities cause a significant increase in vibration in comparison to a smooth track, and that the vibrations can propagate to greater distances from the line. Furthermore, the results show that step-down joints generate the highest levels of vibration, whereas wheel flats generate much lower levels. It is also found that defect size influences vibration levels, and larger defects cause greater vibration. Lastly, it is shown that for different defect types, train speed effects are complex, and may cause either an increase or decrease in vibration levels.     

完全信息下可修M/M/1排队系统的均衡分析

研究可修M/M/1排队系统的均衡策略.顾客到达系统后可以观察到系统的队长和服务台的状态（工作或处于修理状态）,根据这些系统状态、排队等待费用及完成服务后的回报报酬等信息,顾客将决定是否加入到系统中.本文在修理时间服从k阶Erlang分布的假设下得到了顾客选择进入排队系统的均衡阈值.     

Environmental impacts of transformative land use and transport developments in the Greater Beijing Region: Insights from a new dynamic spatial equilibrium model

This paper reports the insights into environmental impacts of the ongoing transformative land use and transport developments in Greater Beijing, from a new suite of dynamic land use, spatial equilibrium and strategic transport models that is calibrated for medium to long term land use and transport predictions. The model tests are focused on urban passenger travel demand and associated emissions within the municipality of Beijing, accounting for Beijing’s land use and transport interactions with Tianjin, Hebei and beyond. The findings suggests that background trends of urbanization, economic growth and income rises will continue to be very powerful drivers for urban passenger travel demand across all main modes of transport beyond 2030. In order to achieve the dual policy aims for a moderately affluent and equitable nation and reducing the absolute levels of urban transport emissions by 2030, road charging and careful micro-level coordination between land use, built form and public transport provision may need to be considered together for policy implementation in the near future.     

Sensitivity of the wheel–rail contact interactions and Dang Van Fatigue Index in the rail with respect to irregularities of the track geometry

This paper investigates the effects of the track geometry irregularities on the wheel–rail dynamic interactions and the rail fatigue initiation through the application of the Dang Van criterion, that supposes an elastic shakedown of the structure. The irregularities are modelled, using experimental data, as a stochastic field which is representative of the considered railway network. The tracks thus generated are introduced as the input of a railway dynamics software to characterise the stochastic contact patch and the parameters on which it depends: contact forces and wheelset–rail relative position. A variance-based global sensitivity analysis is performed on quantities of interest representative of the dynamic behaviour of the system, with respect to the stochastic geometry irregularities and for different curve radius classes and operating conditions. The estimation of the internal stresses and the fatigue index being more time-consuming than the dynamical simulations, the sensitivity analysis is performed through a metamodel, whose input parameters are the wheel–rail relative position and velocity. The coefficient of variation of the number of fatigue cycles, when the simulations are performed with random geometry irregularities, varies between 0.13 and 0.28. In a large radius curve, the most influent irregularity is the horizontal curvature, while, in a tight curve, the gauge becomes more important.     

基于R-Lay的硬质管线铺管船发展

R-Lay（Reel-Lay,卷管铺设）是深水、超深水硬质管线铺设主要铺设方式之一,本文对R-Lay发展历程及发展现状进行分析,现役R-Lay铺管船10余艘,集中在Technip、Subsea 7、McDerMott、Emas AMC、HMC等少数海洋工程公司;并结合R-Lay铺设存在不足及R-Lay铺管船发展现状,探讨了未来R-Lay铺管船的发展趋势,为我国R-Lay铺管船发展提供一定的参考。     

海口—海安航线客滚船轮机设计

介绍了海口—海安航线客滚船轮机设计的特点。通过调整机舱及辅助设备间布置方案,增加车道,提高了运能。对主推进系统布置中出现的问题提出了解决方法。针对航线特点合理配置应急/停泊发电机组,并介绍了该船消防系统布置特点及居住舱室和车辆舱排水能力计算方法及计算结果。设计中对货舱通风布置方案进行多次调整及优化。     

半潜式起重铺管船总强度直接计算研究

半潜式起重铺管船由上平台中若干立柱和横撑以及两个下浮体组成。工作和运营时的结构受力十分复杂,文中采用直接计算方法,对各种典型工况进行有限元计算,对半潜式起重铺管船总强度载荷模式,主要载荷传递路径和结构设计关键区域进行分析和论述。     

某抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口体型优化数值模拟

对某抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口进行三维数值模拟,发现原体型存在不利水流现象。通过将扩散段底板坡度6%调整为2%,得到优化体型,以期望满足水力学要求。优化体型计算结果表明,减小扩散段底板坡度对进/出水口的水流流态、拦污栅断面的流速分布和不均匀系数、进出水口的水头损失等均有一定的改善作用。