改善地铁列车运行舒适度方案探讨

通过分析轨道交通信号系统的基本控车原理,结合车辆牵引制动系统的特点,找出信号与车辆配合控车存在的难点,提出改善列车运行舒适度的可行性方案,并进行探讨。     

车体强度分析结果可视化方法探讨

文章在车体结构强度分析结果数据处理中引入结构材料利用度云图和安全系数云图．实现结构安全性分析结果的可视化,使车体强度分析的结果更直观和全面。     

侧向风作用下车桥系统气动性能及风屏障的影响研究

采用计算流体力学软件建立桥梁单体、车辆单体以及车桥组合体模型,湍流模型取标准κ-ε模型,计算各模型在不同风攻角时侧向风作用下的气动力系数.考虑风屏障对车辆、桥梁气动性能影响,建立风屏障、桥梁与车辆组合体模型,分析风屏障不同开孔率时车辆、桥梁气动力系数变化规律.结果表明:车辆位于桥上时,桥梁阻力和车辆侧力会增大;桥上车辆侧滚力矩系数明显大于车辆单独存在的情况,且车辆位于桥上迎风侧大于背风侧的情况;安装风屏障后,桥梁阻力和力矩系数随开孔率增大而降低,车辆侧力系数和力矩系数随开孔率增大而增大;为保证风屏障有效性,风屏障开孔率应小于40％.     

线路流体化在城市轨道交通中的应用研究

构建了在大城市轨道交通环境下线路流体化系统的结构框架,提出了流体化的具体运作流程,分析了流体化的技术支撑条件.以位于巴黎市区的全欧洲交通密度最大的一段线路为试验,对流体化系统进行效果评估,从而为提高轨道交通车辆的运行准点性提供了一种新的技术方法.     

大荔县婴幼儿佝偻病分布及流行因素

为了解大荔县婴幼儿佝偻病发、患病规律及有关的流行因素,于1987年春、秋进行了两次流行病学调查。结果是:在调查的1988名3岁以内婴幼儿中,患病930人,患病率46.8%。1岁内婴儿发病率69.6%。患病率随年龄的增加而降低,各年龄组间患病率差异非常显著(P<0.01)。婴儿期发病的流行因素是,出生季节、母亲文化程度。1～3岁幼儿患病的流行因素是年龄、主食种类、居室朝向和患其它疾病情况。提示:婴儿期佝偻病发病最高,是预防佝偻病的重点人群。由于影响发、患病的流行因素较多,应对婴、幼儿分别采取有针对性的方法进行防治,降低发、患病率。     

铁路建设项目财务后评价的随机评价方法

针对铁路客货运价调整不断放开的政策变化以及客货运价受市场因素影响日益增大的趋势, 分析了现行铁路建设项目财务后评价方法的不足, 运用随机过程理论, 分别描述了铁路客运收入率、货运收入率的波动过程, 建立了铁路建设项目财务后评价的随机模型, 借助计算机模拟技术, 给出了铁路建设项目财务后评价的随机评价方法, 以某铁路建设项目为对象, 计算了各种财务后评价指标。计算结果表明财务后评价的随机评价方法更好地反映了铁路建设项目的实际, 能更为客观地进行铁路建设项目财务后评价。     

沥青路面运营初期平整度竣工验收标准研究

采用数理统计原理,运用SPSS软件对陕西省7条高速公路交-竣工平整度数据进行分析,得出了陕南、关中和陕北地区路面平整度衰变幅度均值分别为0.39m/km、0.28m/km和0.24m/km,这也将作为计算竣工验收推荐值的依据;再基于交-竣工平整度变化规律,建立了平整度竣工验收推荐值的计算公式:IRIju=IRIji+IRIs,可为今后平整度竣工验收标准提供有效的理论依据。     

Safety Evaluation for Freeway Exit Ramp Based on Speed Consistency

Speed differential has direct relationship with road safety. Conventional speed consistency measures draw sample data from independent population that follows a normal distribution. These methods may fall into ecological fallacy and overestimate the safety level of road elements. After deducing the relationship between the difference in operating speed ΔV₈₅ and85(ΔV), the 85^th percentile value of individual speed reduction, this paper recommends 85(ΔV) and speed reduction rate 85(ΔV)R is used to evaluate ramp safety. Point speeds of individual vehicle at freeway diverge area, upper ramp, and lower ramp are collected by radar guns. Safety performance of 37 exit ramps are appraised using three different measures, namely, ΔV₈₅, 85(ΔV), and 85(ΔV)R. The results show that 85(ΔV) is 1.42 to 2.02 times of ΔV₈₅, and that the evaluation result of 85(ΔV)R is between the other two. The measure 85(ΔV)R considers not only individual speed but also the base speed on upstream element, which avoid the pitfalls of ecological fallacy and overestimation possessed by conventional measures. It is a safer and reasonable measure that should be adopted in practice.     

西藏旅游交通质量满意度研究

鉴于旅游交通在旅游业中起着重要的作用,从旅客需求出发,构造出旅游交通游客满意度测评指标体系,同时对指标体系进行满意率分析,据此可对西藏旅游交通提出有效的建议。     

Effect of handling characteristics on minimum time cornering with torque vectoring

In this paper, the effect of both passive and actively-modified vehicle handling characteristics on minimum time manoeuvring for vehicles with 4-wheel torque vectoring (TV) capability is studied. First, a baseline optimal TV strategy is sought, independent of any causal control law. An optimal control problem (OCP) is initially formulated considering 4 independent wheel torque inputs, together with the steering angle rate, as the control variables. Using this formulation, the performance benefit using TV against an electric drive train with a fixed torque distribution, is demonstrated. The sensitivity of TV-controlled manoeuvre time to the passive understeer gradient of the vehicle is then studied. A second formulation of the OCP is introduced where a closed-loop TV controller is incorporated into the system dynamics of the OCP. This formulation allows the effect of actively modifying a vehicle's handling characteristic via TV on its minimum time cornering performance of the vehicle to be assessed. In particular, the effect of the target understeer gradient as the key tuning parameter of the literature-standard steady-state linear single-track model yaw rate reference is analysed.