Midas/Civil软件在大跨径桥梁悬臂施工中的应用

文章基于某跨越既有线大跨径预应力混凝土连续箱梁悬臂施工阶段划分情况,利用Midas/Civil程序软件,建立了三维有限元实体模型,对连续梁桥各施工阶段的主梁内力、应力及挠度进行了仿真模拟分析。结果表明,该有限元分析方法能精确模拟结构的实际受力情况。     

地铁建设工程的风险管理应用研究

地铁建设工程作为一项大型工程项目,往往存在着大量的不确定风险因素,因而风险管理在地铁工程中变得越来越重要.文章通过对国内外地铁工程事故经验的探讨,提出了地铁建设工程中风险管理的框架,包括风险辨识、分析和评估、应对以及风险防范措施等,以预防和减轻地铁工程风险,达到降低风险等级的目的.     

Identifying preferences for public transport investments under a constrained budget

As urban areas face increasing demands for new transport infrastructure to promote a sustainable future with an increasing reality of constrained government budgets, the debate on whether we should focus on rail or bus-based investments continues unabated in many jurisdictions. Associated with the debate is an emotional (or ideological) bias by communities in favour of one mode, especially rail, which carries much sway at the political level as if there is no budget constraint. This paper presents a stated choice experiment to investigate this context as two unlabelled options described by 20 potential drivers of community preferences for improved public transport, where each choice scenario is conditioned on an estimated construction cost and a total annual transport infrastructure budget for the relevant geographical jurisdiction. This is followed by a labelling of each alternative to reveal whether the option is bus rapid transit (BRT) or light rail (LRT) and to establish whether this additional information influences preference revision. Data is collected in all eight capital cities of Australia in mid 2014. Mixed logit models with heteroscedastic conditioning in terms of the cost of the project infrastructure and whether the alternative is labelled BRT or LRT, provide new evidence on the nature and extent of community modal bias in a budget-constrained choice setting. The conclusions are twofold. On the one hand, if a fully compensatory choice rule is assumed (as is common in all previous modal comparison studies), LRT is predominantly preferred over BRT despite budgetary constraints, similarities in quality of service attributes and the opportunity to choose a greater network coverage for a given construction cost. However, when we allow for attribute non-attendance (a semi-compensatory choice rule), the modal bias is no longer a significant driver of preferences.     

Greenhouse gas emissions from road construction: An assessment of alternative staging approaches

The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with road construction activities are analyzed. The main focus of this analysis is on the vehicle emissions associated with alternative project staging approaches, specifically a full closure of the road during construction, versus an intermittent road closure. The analysis includes the direct and upstream emissions associated with materials, construction equipment, mobilization of resources to the work site, and maintenance activity associated with the project over its lifetime. The analysis is based on one case study of a road project in New Jersey. The assumptions underlying the staging analysis are based on hypothetical approaches. Results provide an assessment of the main sources of project related emissions and the ability to minimize total project emissions by minimizing traffic disruption. In the analysis with a full closure of the road, traffic disruption accounts for 26% of total emissions, while with an intermittent road closure, traffic disruption accounts for only 2% of total emissions. The other main sources are from materials and life-cycle maintenance. The analysis demonstrates the feasibility of minimizing project related GHG emissions during road construction activities.     

Cooperation in transit delivery in West German metropolitan areas

West Germany is densely populated, averaging 245 inhabitants/km², but varying widely between urban agglomerations and rural areas. Transport volume has increased by 40% since 1970, with virtually all growth due to private automobiles. Since 1981 public transit has been suffering from decreasing demand.A 1964 Expert's Report to the German federal government was the stimulus for initiating an effective funding mechanism for new public transit construction. In 1965 Germany's first federated transit authority was founded for the region of Hamburg.Principal among the goals of any cooperative agreement among transit companies are improvements for the passengers and improvement of revenues for the companies. To attain these ends, two distinct forms of transit aggrements have been developed in Germany: transit cooperative (Verkehrsgemeinschaft) and transit federation (Verkehrsverbund). The former is more suitable for smaller to medium-sized towns, while the latter is more suitable for larger cities. The two types are described in this article.German transit federations during the 1970s succeeded in significantly increasing ridership, while during the 1980s patronage has either remained steady or has declined. Yet transit federations showed much better perfomance than did public transit in general. In terms of costs and revenues, no public transit organization in Germany is able to break even; deficits vary between 42% and 55%. The author concludes, however, that hidden subsidies for automobile traffic are far higher, because of environmental damage and the high social cost of traffic accidents.     

微型顶管施工技术在农污治理中的应用

针对农村生活污水治理工程污水管道口径小、乡村道路狭窄、大型施工设备进出不便等特点,结合海盐县农污处理设施工程,介绍了微型顶管二次工法工艺流程及施工过程.总结了微型顶管顶进速度快、工作坑占地面积小、管道铺设精度高、对环境影响小等优点,认为微型顶管在一般砂性、黏性地质条件下具有良好的应用效果,为农污治理项目提供了较好的解决方案.     

问题式教学在《汽车构造》网络授课中的实践应用

文章通过对问题式教学的理论分析,结合疫情期间开展网络授课的教学过程,通过理论分析和实践教学来探索问题式教学在网络教学过程中的开展方式,以此构建基于网络教学生成问题、回答问题、解决问题和检验问题的问题式教学模式,从而提高网络授课的教学效果,培养学生自主学习的能力.     

基于性能演变的水性环氧沥青开普封层施工方法优化

为进一步提升水性环氧沥青开普封层使用品质,针对水性环氧沥青开普封层施工现存问题,借助有机玻璃界面状态图像观测与层间剪切试验,研究了不同固化状态下碎石封层黏结性能,提出了水性环氧沥青碎石封层两阶段分步式压实方法;系统分析了微表处摊铺时机对碎石封层沥青-碎石黏附与层间黏结性能的影响程度,探究了微表处开放交通时间与交通荷载对...     

面向“工程认证”的《汽车构造》教学设计

工程教育专业认证(简称"工程认证")是我国"五位一体"高教评估体系的重要组成部分,是新形势下促进我国高等工科教育发展、提升高等院校工科人才培养质量的重要方法和途径。本文立足重庆理工大学车辆工程专业工程认证建设实际,以专业核心必修课程《汽车构造》为对象,结合工程认证标准与成果导向(Outcome-based Education,简称OBE)理念,对其进行面向"工程认证"的教学设计,包括教学目标设计、教学内容及方式设计、教学评价设计及课程学习建议,为我校乃至其他高校车辆工程专业工程认证建设提供有益借鉴。     

盾构施工参数对地铁穿越公路桥梁桩基的影响

为了提升地铁穿越公路桥梁桩基的稳定性,考察了盾构施工过程中开挖步数、掌子面推力和注浆压力对桩基变形的影响.结果表明,随着开挖步数的增加,桩基横向水平位移与桩身埋深关系曲线逐渐转变为"鼓凸"状,且随着开挖步数增加,桩基横向水平位移呈现逐渐增大的趋势.掌子面推力不会对桩基横向位移造成明显影响,但随着掌子面推力逐渐增大,桩基...