液化天然气(LNG)的海上运输

概括介绍了世界液化天然气(LNG)海上运输的发展,并对液化天然气海上运输链及其组成,以及当前世界液化天然气主要项目情况进行概述。     

和谐社会构建中我国政府职能的理性调适

和谐社会理念的提出,是我国政府在执政过程中对履行"效率优先、兼顾公平"价值观的反思,其目的在于防止过分关注效率而冲击社会公平的可能性。和谐理念凸显了"社会公平、代表性、回应性、公众参与、社会责任感"等价值取向,彰显了未来我国政府执政的民主与宪政蕴涵。构建和谐社会中,我国的政府职能应更加侧重健全公民参政议政的渠道与程序,扩大公民参与权;落实行政问责制,实现依法行政;强化社会管理和公共服务职能,增强政府对公民服务需求的回应性;提供相关的制度保障,促进实现社会公平、公正等。     

1/32° real-time global ocean prediction and value-added over 1/16° resolution

A 1/32° global ocean nowcast/forecast system has been developed by the Naval Research Laboratory at the Stennis Space Center. It started running at the Naval Oceanographic Office in near real-time on 1 Nov. 2003 and has been running daily in real-time since 1 Mar. 2005. It became an operational system on 6 March 2006, replacing the existing 1/16° system which ceased operation on 12 March 2006. Both systems use the NRL Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) with assimilation of sea surface height from satellite altimeters and sea surface temperature from multi-channel satellite infrared radiometers. Real-time and archived results are available online at http://www.ocean.nrlssc.navy.mil/global_nlom. The 1/32° system has improvements over the earlier system that can be grouped into two categories: (1) better resolution and representation of dynamical processes and (2) design modifications. The design modifications are the result of accrued knowledge since the development of the earlier 1/16° system. The improved horizontal resolution of the 1/32° system has significant dynamical benefits which increase the ability of the model to accurately nowcast and skillfully forecast. At the finer resolution, current pathways and their transports become more accurate, the sea surface height (SSH) variability increases and becomes more realistic and even the global ocean circulation experiences some changes (including inter-basin exchange). These improvements make the 1/32° system a better dynamical interpolator of assimilated satellite altimeter track data, using a one-day model forecast as the first guess. The result is quantitatively more accurate nowcasts, as is illustrated by several model-data comparisons. Based on comparisons with ocean color imagery in the northwestern Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman, the 1/32° system has even demonstrated the ability to map small eddies, 25–75 km in diameter, with 70% reliability and a median eddy center location error of 22.5 km, a surprising and unanticipated result from assimilation of altimeter track data. For all of the eddies (50% small eddies), the reliability was 80% and the median eddy center location error was 29 km. The 1/32° system also exhibits improved forecast skill in relation to the 1/16° system. This is due to (a) a more accurate initial condition for the forecast and (b) better resolution and representation of critical dynamical processes (such as upper ocean – topographic coupling via mesoscale flow instabilities) which allow the model to more accurately evolve these features in time while running in forecast mode (forecast atmospheric forcing for the first 5 days, then gradually reverting toward climatology for the remainder of the 30-day forecast period). At 1/32° resolution, forecast SSH generally compares better with unassimilated observations and the anomaly correlation of the forecast SSH exceeds that from persistence by a larger amount than found in the 1/16° system.     

On the dilution of liquid waste in ships' wakes

A study of the mixing behavior of liquid waste after ocean dumping is essential for the identification of dump sites, as well as for impact assessment on the surrounding oceanic waters. The dilution of liquid waste in the wakes of ships at sea is explored in this study, and the effects of the circumstances of the discharge operation such as the discharge rate, and the size and speed of the vessel, and the oceanic parameters such as currents and turbulence level in the water column, are examined. the mixing process is categorized into three stages: near-wake, far-wake, and long-term diffusion. Dilution rates in the three stages are derived, based on the theories of diffusion and momentumless wakes. In the far-wake stage, the speed of the ship is the most effective parameter in enhancing the dilution rate. The formulae for dilution rates in the farwake stage and for long-term diffusion agree well with field measurements, while the well-known IMCO formula underestimates the dilution rate. Presented at the International Conference on Technology for Marine Environment Preservation (MARIENV '95), Tokyo, Japan, September 24–29, 1995.     

上海海洋工程产业现状和发展

为加块发展上海的海洋工程，对上海的海洋工程历史和现状作了调查研究，按照“十一五”规划以及上海的具体情况，对其未来发展方向作了展望。     

泛系理论与应用:治学成才、泛系逻辑与交通问题

泛系就是一种广义的交通网。具体一些说,泛系理论及应用是学科与技术群落内外的一种广义的交通、通信与联络网络,是许多学科与技术的概括或再概括,交缘或再交缘,横断或再横断,综合或再综合。我们现在理解的泛系理论与应用是一种宏微兼顾、多层网络型的跨学科新研究,侧重从关系、关系转化、泛对称与充分可观控建模(四侧重)来研究一般事物机理。广义系统与泛系概念(一般跨学科的具有方法论意义的概念)及其应用(三对象)。本文除简介它的框架外,专谈一些与治学成才、泛序逻辑与交通学有关的问题。     

自航水雷沉底稳定性与自航性能的兼容性问题

在分析自航水雷对沉底稳定性和自航性能要求的基础上，提出了两种使自航水雷同时满足沉底稳定性与自航性能要求的方法，给出了相应的设计实例，并对设计结果进行了分析、讨论。     

海洋内波的红外成像机理—冷表皮剪切模型

海洋内波是海洋中常见的现象,与表面波一样是海洋中的一种重要动力形式,其表面流场的辐散辐聚会引起海表温度的微弱变化,文章通过冷表皮剪切模型阐述了海洋内波表面流场调制海表温度的具体物理机制,并对现有冷表皮剪切模型进行改进,使其仿真结果与海上实验所得海表温度波动量级一致。最终通过海上实验验证,结果表明改进的冷表皮剪切模型是可信的。     

外置式液压蓄能鱼雷发射装置缩比模型假海试验方案仿真分析

为研究及探索外置式液压蓄能鱼雷发射装置关键技术,根据相似准则,按照1:3的比例设计了该装置的缩比模型假海试验方案,并做了仿真分析。仿真结果显示,该方案能较好地反映原型机的内弹道性能。在确定相似准则后,还可以根据具体实际需要,选择不同的比例系数进行缩比模型试验。本文为外置式液压蓄能鱼雷发射装置缩比模型假海试验提供了理论依据。     

波浪循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土孔压发展模式

利用循环三轴试验对波浪循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土的孔压发展进行了研究,考虑了固结应力、循环应力幅值和循环周期等因素对孔压发展的影响。试验发现,在循环荷载初期,平均孔压的增长较迅速,而循环荷载的后期孔压增长较缓慢;循环应力幅值越大,固结应力越小及循环荷载周期越大,土体中的孔压越大。根据试验结果建立了拟合孔压与循环周数的数学关系式,并研究了不同试验条件对参数的影响。分析表明:循环应力幅值比越大,固结应力越小及参数u*max越大,固结应力对参数k、t的影响较小,参数k、t随着循环应力比值分别近似呈线性降低和线性增大的趋势;不同循环周期的参数u*max和t近似为常数,参数k随着循环周期的变化呈线性降低趋势。