Liability for oil spill damages: Issues,methods, and examples

Liability is an important incentive‐based instrument for preventing oil spills and provides a sustainable approach for restoring coastal resources injured by spills. However, the use of liability for environmental damages raises many challenges, including quantification of money measures of damages. In this article, case studies are used to illustrate the issues, methods, and challenges associated with assessing a range of damages, from those that can be measured relatively easily using market information to more “esoteric,”; and much more difficult, cases involving non‐market‐valued losses. Also discussed are issues raised by the new national and international regulatory focus on restoration and by the simplified, compensatory formula used by some states.     

俄罗斯粘油罐车换装我国提速货车转向架技术改造方案

对俄罗斯粘油罐车及其转向架主要技术参数与我国转K6型转向架主要技术参数进行了对比,经过现场实际测量,确认俄罗斯粘油罐车换装转K6型转向架在我国境内进行原油运输完全可行,但需对心盘连接部分、上下旁承、转向架基础制动装置等进行必要的改造。     

超大型油轮过马鞭洲航道时安全航速的探讨

根据规划中马鞭洲航道的尺度,从理论上计算出25万吨油轮满载乘潮进港时,船舶安全通过马鞭洲航道时所允许的安全航速范围。安全航速范围对船长、引航员和驾驶员在操纵VLCC进出马鞭洲航道航道时具有重要的参考价值。     

内河( 闪点≤60°)小型油船在检验中值得注意的问题

叙述了内河(闪点≤60°)小型油船设施、设备与船检《规则》、《规范》不相符的一些安全隐患问题。     

绿色船舶技术发展趋势

本文简单介绍国际上特别是国际海事组织(IMO)对航运界防止船舶造成水污染和空气污染的发展趋向,探讨绿色(环保)船舶的概念和设计建造要求。     

提高涡轮增压器运用可靠性的机务段管理技术措施

根据铁路提速和重载导致机车牵引定数提高后增压器故障破损的现实,结合目前轮乘体制改革的实际,从减少机车机故和机破的角度,总结了提高涡轮增压器运用可靠性的段管技术措施。     

Experimental Research on the Reusing ＆ Recycling Technology of Oil Extraction Wastewater Treatment in Oil Field

How to use water resource effectively is an important problem in developing industry. Three combined processes which are composed of oil separator＋de-emulsification flocculation＋sand filtration （SDF）, oil separator q-hydrolytic acidification＋SBR （SAS） and oil separator＋de emulsification flocculation ＋SBR （SDS） are conducted in laboratory-scale experiment to treat oil extraction wastewater for an oil field. The experimental results show that the removal rate of COD（chemistry oxygen demand） and oil treated by SDF process are 85 % and 95 % respectively, the residual oil in effluent can meet the discharge standard, but the residual COD can not. The removal rate of COD and BOD （biological oxygen demand） of the SAS effluent are 85% and 90% respectively, the BOD can meet but the COD can not meet discharge standard. So the further treatment is required in the process. The SDS effluent with removal rate of 95% and 90% are obtained for COD and BOD respectively, which can completely meet the national standards of oil wastewater discharge and refilling （China）. The experimental result shows that oil extraction wastewater has turned into water resource after being, treated by SDS.     

浅析汽车驾驶之节油技术

这些年以来,我们国家的汽车销售量正在变得越来越高。不管是城市里的人还是乡村里的人,拥有汽车的人数都在不断的上升,因此,汽车对能源的消耗量也在逐渐的升高。石油需要好几万年才能够形成,现在我们国家的石油已经不够我们使用的了,所以我们现在要开始重视汽车的节油技术。这篇文章就对汽车驾驶的节油技术进行了研究。     

控制柴油机气缸摩擦副可靠运用的措施

通过对柴油机活塞环、气缸套等摩擦副磨损的分析研究，认为机油机械杂质高是导致柴油机气缸各个摩擦副磨损的主要原因，机油机械杂质高的原因是柴油机进气系统过滤效果差，带有细小砂粒的空气进入柴油机各气缸参与燃烧，使机油机械杂质快速升高，导致摩擦副加速磨损，造成柴油机不能正常工作。据此制定了相应的改造措施，经过多年的实践，彻底解决了柴油机气缸摩擦副加速磨损，保证机车在一个中修期的正常运用。     

从溢油处理技术的需求论多功能溢油回收船型的开发

本文是作者参与和从事多功能溢油回收船型开发工作的总结。文章比较系统地分析研究了溢油的监视、围控和回收等关键技术和设备、措施，指出了多功能溢油回收船应该具备的技术特点，并提出了对多功能溢油回收船型的开发和设计工作的若干建议，可供从事此种船舶的项目开发和设计参考应用。