带超速保护功能的柴油机机旁气动操作系统设计

柴油机控制系统主要有气动控制系统、电-气混合控制系统、微机式控制系统、可编程控制器控制系统等,目前,我国大量船舶上使用的是气动控制系统或电-气混合控制系统,机旁气动操作系统是以上两种控制系统的重要组成部分。本文主要介绍了一种带超速保护功能的柴油机机旁气动操作系统,提高了柴油机旁气动操作系统的安全性。     

挖泥船输送系统计算分析软件研制

基于矩阵实验室平台,将挖泥船输送系统的计算仿真程序进行封装处理,建立挖泥船输送系统计算分析软件系统(DTAS)。该系统首次汇集了多种泥泵管路特性曲线的计算方法,包括泥泵及管路数据文件的存储查询、泥泵管路特性曲线的计算以及多种计算模型的选择、施工现场数据反分析、接力泵船的计算等十几个计算模块,可以更加系统化、全面化地进行输送计算分析。DTAS系统界面操作简单,为施工及技术人员提供了便捷的计算工具,大大提高了工作效率,可广泛推广应用。     

新建崇礼铁路隧道紧急救援站设置研究

《铁路隧道防灾疏散救援工程设计规范》(TB10020-2017)完善修改了紧急救援站的设计标准及设置要求,即长度大于20 km的隧道或者隧道群应设置紧急救援站。根据条文解释,该处"20km"的长度限定是基于隧道纵坡不大于20‰。但实际工程中,往往存在隧道坡度或者综合坡度大于20‰且隧道长度小于20 km的工况,这种情况下隧道是否设置紧急救援站是亟需解决的问题。结合新建崇礼铁路隧道工程实例,研究隧道纵坡大于20‰且长度小于20 km时是否设置紧急救援站。研究表明,当隧道纵坡大于20‰且隧道长度小于20 km时,是否设置紧急救援站取决于列车上坡折减后的末速度。崇礼铁路陡坡段隧道和隧道群均不需要设置紧急救援站。     

伊朗城市轨道交通工程市场分析和开拓策略

通过对伊朗城市轨道交通工程市场的分析和评估,结合中伊两国经贸合作发展和我国企业的优势,提出对伊朗城市轨道交通工程的市场开拓策略。     

半径250m曲线无缝线路稳定性分析及加强措施

本文通过分析不同工况对半径250 m曲线无缝线路临界轨温的影响,合理确定半径250m曲线作业轨温范围及稳定性影响因素.结合现场养护维修过程中遇到的问题和设备整修方法,从钢轨选用及修理、轨枕选用、道床修理等方面提出半径250 m曲线稳定性控制措施.     

The importance of oceanographic fronts to marine birds and mammals of the southern oceans

During the last 30 years, at-sea studies of seabirds and marine mammals in the oceans south of the Subtropical Front have described an association with major frontal areas. More recently, the advancement in microtechnology has allowed the tracking of individuals and investigations into how these marine predators actually use the frontal zones. In this review, we examine 1) the relative importance to apex predators of the different frontal zones in terms of spatial distribution and carbon flux; 2) the processes that determine their preferential use; and 3) how the mesoscale dynamics of frontal structures drive at-sea foraging strategies of these predators. We review published results from southern waters and place them in a broader context with respect to what has been learned about the importance of fronts in oceans farther north.Some fronts constitute important boundaries for seabird communities in southern waters. At a mesoscale the maximum values of seabird diversity and abundance correspond to the location of the main fronts. At-sea surveys show a strong curvilinear correlation between seabird abundance and sea surface temperatures. High mean species richness and diversity for whales and seabirds are consistently associated with the southern water mass boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Subtropical Front and the Subantarctic Front; in the case of the Polar Front mean seabird densities are more variable. At small-scales, variation in seabird occurrence has been directly related to the processes at fronts in a limited number of cases. A significant positive relation was found between some plankton feeding species and frontal temperature gradient–phytoplankton variables.Telemetric studies have revealed that several apex predators (penguins, albatrosses, seals) perform long, directed foraging trips either to the Subtropical front or Polar Front, depending on locality. Seabirds with low flight costs, such as albatrosses, are able to reach fronts at long distances from colonies, showing variable foraging strategies as a function of the distances involved. Diving birds such as King penguins, that travel at a higher cost and lower speed, rely on the predictable spatial distribution of mesopelagic fish found close to the Polar Front. They may use the currents associated with eddies as oceanographic cues in the active search for frontal zones. Once in these areas they dive preferentially in and below the depth of the thermocline where catches per unit effort are high. Elephant seals concentrate foraging activity principally inside or at the boundary of cyclonic eddies. These mesoscale features appear to offer exceptional productivity favourable for foraging by various diving top predators.The connection between biophysical parameters at fronts and predators is likely to be made through biological enhancement. Top predators appear to forage at locations where prey are advected by physical processes and others where prey are produced locally. Long-term research on at-sea distributions and demographic parameters of top predators are essential to assess the consequences of potential shift in front distributions in relation to global warming. Such environmental changes would add to the impact of fish extraction by the industrial fisheries on the southern food webs.     

美国高等教育内部管理体制运行模式探讨

美国高等教育具有高度的自治性和独立性。正是这种高度的自治性和独立性使得美国高等教育获得了竞争发展的机遇。本文着重从美国国家制度产生的渊源入手,详尽地分析了美国高等教育内部管理体制运行模式。     

可调螺距螺旋桨零推力螺距敞水力矩特性研究

文章利用可调螺距螺旋桨零推力工况的一般概念来求解零推力螺距工况的敞水力矩特性.作图法和解析法并用,以MATLAB为工具,解得可调螺距螺旋桨零推力螺距工况时的敞水力矩系数,从而解决了可调螺距螺旋桨在推进装置推进特性研究中经常遇到的零推力螺距敞水螺旋桨特性的建模问题.文章还对本研究结果趋势拟合的合理性进行了间接检验.     

集装箱船舶作业效率的度量和比较

为吸引船舶挂靠,集装箱码头把船舶作业效率作为重要的追求目标之一。分析影响船舶作业效率的因素,介绍我国集装箱码头刷新船时作业效率记录的情况,指出宜以一段时间泊位作业效率、船时作业效率和岸边集装箱起重机作业效率的统计平均值作为集装箱码头作业效率的度量和比较指标。     

多车道高速公路合流区端部车辆速度驾驶行为远场观测试验研究

为探究多车道高速公路互通立交合流区车辆速度驾驶行为特性,为合流区安全设计提供现实依据,文中选择沪宁多车道高速公路互通立交（群）作为远场观测试验实体工程,采用 MC5600型气压管式车辆分型统计与测速系统采集现场数据及 SPSS Statistics软件处理数据信息。试验表明,多车道高速公路合流区客车、货车速度与出现频率之间可采用正态分布曲线拟合。双车道匝道端部客车平均速度为60～70 km/h,运行速度（v85）为80～90 km/h;双车道匝道端部货车平均速度为60～65 km/h,运行速度（v85）为65～75 km/h;单车道匝道端部货车平均速度为50～60 km/h,运行速度（v85）为60～70 km/h。