Making public policy through citizen committees: Case histories from the Islands

Abstract

Citizen committees properly designed can strongly influence public policy. Examples are taken from the results of reports on marine affairs that citizen committees wrote in Hawaii, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Community acceptance and use of each report came about because (1) many members of the committees were in positions to act on the recommendations, (2) the recommendations were specific and called for actions other than studies, and (3) the governor of each area had asked that a report be drawn. To ensure attention to the reports, each governor had agreed that they would be uncensored, widely publicized, and released concurrently to the public and the government.     

公路项目施工中的成本控制探讨

公路工程是社会主义现代化建设的重点项目,项目成本控制是公路施工管理的一项内容,对项目建设的总耗资有极大的影响,成本控制效果的提高有助于公路工程创造更大的收益。     

Economies of density and factor substitution in Dublin city bus services — a translog approach

The primary aim of the paper is to determine a short‐run cost function for Dublin City Bus Services (DCS), using a translog approach. The results show that there are significant economies of density in the transit operation. The results also indicate that the structure of DCS is characterised by a homothetic production function and that partial elasticities of substitution are non‐unitary.     

企业在项目施工过程中的合同管理

自从我国引进工程项目管理之后,工程施工全面进入招投标阶段,施工企业的生存主要是取得工程承包合同,因此随着我国法律法规的不断完善和发展,施工企业合同管理工作就变得越来越重要。     

Reducing the cost of ballast tank corrosion: an economic modeling approach

One of the most relevant problems in ship construction and maintenance nowadays concerns the corrosion in the double hull space ballast tanks of modern merchant vessels. On the one hand, there is a general consensus that the economic life span of such a vessel depends primarily upon the corrosion state of its ballast tanks, while on the other hand, the position of these tanks, squeezed between the outer hull and the loading tanks, makes routine inspection and maintenance almost impossible.Today, ship's ballast tanks are usually constructed in grade A steel and protected with a standard epoxy coating, backed up with sacrificial zinc anodes. Such a construction has been applied without significant alterations for many years. However, the objective of this economic study is to compare this construction method with some feasible alternatives. The considered alternatives are: (1) an increase of the scantlings, eliminating the necessity to replace corroded steel but diminishing the cargo carrying capacity of the ship, (2) application of the novel and more durable TSCF₂₅ coating (3), the use of corrosion resistant steel in ship construction or (4) a standard PSPC₁₅ coating combined with lifetime lasting aluminum sacrificial anodes. After running each alternative through a cost model including an extensive sensitivity analysis, it is concluded that the durable coating and the use of lifetime lasting aluminum anodes are bound to improve the actual basic tank concept. Corrosion resistant steel becomes attractive depending upon the evolution of the international steel market.     

“南海自安装试采平台”主电站方案比选研究

"南海自安装试采平台"是一种多功能的油田开发设施,主要用于滚动开放南海北部湾海域多个年产量小于25万m3、开发年限少于5年、周围无依托设施的边际小油气田,主电站是影响该平台技术方案和运营成本的关键设备。文中根据该平台的功能和用电负荷,结合拟开发边际油田的燃料来源情况,从技术性与经济性两方面比较论证适用于"南海自安装试采平台"的主电站方案。     

Optimal Age Replacement Policy with Replacement Occurrence While the Warranty is in Effect

This study considers an age replacement policy(ARP) for a repairable product with an increasing failure rate with and without a product warranty. As for the warranty policy to consider in association with such an age replacement policy, we adapt a renewable minimal repair-replacement warrant(MRRW) policy with 2D factors of failure time of the product and its corresponding repair time. The expected cost rate during the life cycle of the product is utilized as a criterion to find the optimal policies for both with and without the product warranty. We determine the optimal replacement age that minimizes the objective function which evaluates the expected cost rate during the product cycle and investigate the impact of several factors on the optimal replacement age. The main objective of this study lies on the generalization of the classical age replacement policy to the situation where a renewable warranty depending on 2D factors is in effect. We present some interesting observations regarding the effect of relevant factors based on numerical analysis.     

作业成本法核算模式测试分析

采用作业成本法的思想和核算流程,构建作业成本法的高校教育成本核算模式.基于某高校的相关数据,进行分析计算,证实高校采用作业成本法的先进和科学性.推动作业成本法在我国高校的不断应用与完善.     

设计阶段公路工程造价编制存在的问题及预防措施

当今公路建设投资巨大,公路工程勘察设计对公路工程建设的总造价影响重大。在设计阶段由于公路工程造价编制人员本身技术水平以及赶时间赶任务等原因,导致在编制公路工程造价过程中出现若干问题,影响了工程造价的准确性。针对以上情况,本文总结归纳出在设计阶段编制公路工程造价过程中出现的若干问题,提出了相应的预防措施。     

汽车零部件技术降成本的意义及方法

针对目前汽车行业竞争日益激烈的趋势,提高汽车企业的成本核心竞争力势在必行。从价值工程的角度阐述开展汽车零部件技术降成本活动是提升汽车产品价值满足市场和客户的需要;是汽车主机厂、零部件供应商保持持续竞争力的需要。通过介绍该项活动常用的技术手段、管理方法的应用等旨在说明汽车企业开展技术降成本的重要性。