Health externalities of ship air pollution at port – Piraeus port case study

This paper is employing the well-known methodology of impact pathway approach to assess the external costs in human health from ship air pollution at port areas. The passenger port of Piraeus, Greece is the scenery of the study. Piraeus port is in the vicinity of the greater Athens metropolitan area where almost half of the country’s population lives. Hence, this port is the central hub of the Greek coastal passenger ship system which connects the islands of the Aegean Sea with land and is characterized by heavy ship traffic. The case study presented in this paper assesses the annual external cost in human health from air emissions produced by all passenger ships and cruise ships calling the port of Piraeus. Health cost from ships at port has been estimated at both local (Athens metropolitan area) and regional level (entire territory of Greece). Results show that higher costs occur at the local level. The dominant pollutants creating this cost are particulate matter (PM_2.5, and PM₁₀). Overall, the results indicate that the health impact of Piraeus’s passenger port emissions is not negligible; however the cost of PM₁₀ is considerably lower than the corresponded cost deriving from the land based industries of the Athens regional area for which comparison has been available.     

The development of a decision making framework for evaluating the trade-off solutions of cleaner seaborne transportation

The general rise in marine fuel prices in combination with ever-more stringent environmental regulations resulting from IMO conventions and EU Directives have become the main industry drivers for seaborne transportation to become cleaner and more energy efficient. Compliance with existing and soon-to-be-enacted regulations requires evaluating the trade-off between often-conflicting options to select the best available technology or fuel source. Although the traditional way of dealing with this issue has been to apply a cost benefit analysis, this kind of analysis does not adequately consider the complexities of the problem, such as incorporating linguistic preferences or interrelations amongst attributes, experts and their preferences.The challenge in such an analysis corresponds to that of a multiple attribute decision-making problem in which a finite number of alternatives are assessed with regards to a finite number of attributes and experts and ranked from the best to the worst.In this paper, a comprehensive and holistic decision-making framework is proposed to overcome the barriers of cost-benefit analysis techniques, facilitating the inclusion of all possible combinations of decision-making parameters and their discrete values, which will eventually help the industry achieve cleaner seaborne transportation.To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework, this paper focuses on a real-life study case involving an environmental compliance problem in the Port of Copenhagen, Denmark, in relation to a particular EU Directive. In conclusion, the proposed framework can be applied as a generalised decision-making model to similar compliance issues encountered within other modes of transportation such as rail and road.     

集装箱全流通运输模式研究

从降低成本、节能减排的角度出发,探索一条高效率和高效益的集装箱全流通运输模式,通过举例说明此种运输模式的实际应用,提出了需要解决的问题及解决办法。     

论新铁路工程费用定额的变革

新一轮铁路工程费用定额的代表《铁路基本建设工程设计概（预）算编制办法》已经正式发布实施，它将成为今后一定时期内铁路工程设计概（预）算编制的依据。此文重点论述了新《铁路基本建设工程设计概（预）算编制办法》较原概算编制办法的一些主要变革及其特点，希望能对大家更好地使用该费用定额起到引路的作用。     

城市小汽车出行成本计量模型研究

在出行成本定义的基础上,提出了城市小汽车出行成本的构成,构建出城市小汽车出行成本各构成部分的计算模型。基于对广州市小汽车的出行成本分析计算,根据计算结果及各部分成本比例,对我国城市小汽车发展对策进行研究探讨。     

Intelligent transportation systems: an impact analysis for Michigan

Are Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) affecting transportation industry only? ITS are currently perceived as a contribution to transportation industry only; however, by quantitatively analyzing the economic impact of ITS on the state of Michigan, this work attempts to answer the posed question. The quantitative economic analysis is carried out through the well‐established Leontief's Input–Output (I‐O) model. This model is employed to establish ITS effects on each industry by detailing RIMS II I‐O tables for Michigan constructed from the national I‐O tables. Major savings by ITS identified as reduced time delays and fuel cost savings are quantitatively simulated thereby generating an overall cost reduction factor which is incorporated in Michigan I‐O tables to modify their characteristics. ITS impact on each industry in I‐O tables is achieved by maximizing effects on certain selected industries. Impact multipliers that are customary macro‐economic measures for I‐O analysis are then calculated for all the aggregated industries. Multipliers comparison for the three cases namely before ITS implementation, conventional improvement methods, and after ITS implementation is evaluated. These values suggest greater economic benefits that may be achieved by statewide implementation of the ITS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

改扩建项目造价文件编制的几个难点

通过潼关至西安、西安至宝鸡高速公路改扩建项目造价文件的编制,阐述改扩建项目在造价文件编制过程中特别要注意的几个难点,可供同行参考和借鉴。     

论中小企业成本控制与财务管理目标

在市场经济体制中,传统的成本管理思想已不能适应现代成本理念,现代中小企业成本管理的内容不仅仅是孤立地降低成本,而应立足于整体战略目标及企业外部环境,从成本与效益的对比中寻找成本最小化。     

如何降低建设项目施工阶段的工程成本

工程成本控制主要是放在内部管理上,特别是直接工程费和工期的有效控制,其次外部的市场因素和施工阶段的变更索赔也是着重考虑的一个方面。结合近几年所经历过的工程盈亏情况谈谈如何降低建设项目施工阶段的工程成本。     

后配额时代的我国纺织品及服装出口

后配额时代我国纺织品及服装出口面临着历史性的增长机遇,巨大的出口潜力有了突然释放的机会;同时着面临着复杂的市场形势和挑战,受到某些国家的打压;在新的竞争中,我国纺织品及服装出口可采取的应对策略包括实施出口品牌建设战略、研发核心技术以掌握市场主动权、融入国际产业链、加强行业自律和规范出口秩序、加强各国政府部门的协调联动、加强行业协会作用、控制行业产能过度扩张等;采取理性的应对策略,建立和谐的纺织品及服装出口秩序将使国内产业、WTO自由贸易体系和全世界消费者都受益．