Applying social marginal costs pricing to the road sector

This chapter, following the results of the case studies analyzed in the Enact project, will identify and analyze the implications of the possible application of SMCP in PPP’s in the road sector. The main issues analyzed include SMCP revenue formation and its ability to finance the PPP. The paper will focus on market and competition issues like: 1) the problems due to mispriced substitutes; 2) the interdependencies between the tolls and the capacity of different road infrastructures when these are competing for the same demand; 3) since short run social marginal costs do not repay for the investments costs (except in special cases), in the case tolls should cover also the investment costs this will lead to totally different pricing schemes between roads in a same area, with problem of demand shift toward cheaper existing infrastructures, therefore increasing the problem of cost recovery. The incentives caused by the introduction of prices based on SMC’s are also investigated.     

Applying social marginal cost pricing in rail PPPs: Present state, drawbacks and ways forward

The application of social marginal cost pricing (SMCP) in PPP's in the railway sector faces several challenges. We examine in detail the practical applicability of SMCP in railway PPPs from the perspectives of cost accounting and effectiveness of SMCP towards the allocative efficiency goal, addressing the likely drawbacks in conciliating the welfare objectives of SMCP with the objectives of project financing (cost recovery) and value for money that justify the realization of PPP's. To this end, we combine theoretical analysis with the observation of empirical results of a case study. We split the analysis per type of private service provision, which can be for service operation or infrastructure management. For infrastructure management, we recommend splitting the operator remuneration and the track access charges. For service operation, we argue that the correct decision on source of funding of the service operator should depend on the characteristics of the contract.     

以精益设计降低电缆成本

面对目前的国际金融危机的经济形势,航运企业陷入需求大幅减少、运价大幅下跌、信贷大幅萎缩的状态,采用降本增效的有效应对措施,从系统设计,生产设计入手,研究减少电缆用量和避免浪费的有效途径。     

舰船装备维修费预测的数据预处理技术研究

在预测舰船装备维修费时,收集足够多的、准确的费用数据是关键。根据舰船装备维修费的影响因素,将舰船装备维修费预测的相关原始数据分为基础数据、使用数据、维修数据和宏观经济数据,确定了相应的数据收集渠道。分析了收集到的原始数据可能存在噪声、缺失或异常数据、冲击扰动数据、不一致数据的问题,针对性地提供了相应的数据预处理技术,经过处理后的数据可以为舰船装备维修费预测提供良好基础,进一步提高预测的有效性。     

影响民用建筑设计工程造价的因素

阐述了在设计阶段影响民用建筑工程造价的各种因素,并提出了降低造价的方案。     

全回转拖轮的视情维修

阐述了船舶维修制度的变革以及港作拖轮进行油料监测的过程和取得的效果,论述了对船舶机械实行视情维修的可行性以及油料分析在视情维修中的作用。     

中美公路工程估算费用构成对比

美国各州公路与运输官员协会（American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,AASHTO）为国际公路领域最主要的标准化机构,其制定的指南为美国国家公路与运输协会的标准,国内目前鲜有相关译文及文献资料作为参考。随着我国对外承包工程规模不断扩大,在完成对AASHTO《Practical Guide To Cost Estimating, 1st Edition》（造价编制实践指南第一版）的翻译及研读的基础上,分别从计价模式、层次划分、估价方法等方面进行对比分析,为我国的工程造价体系国际化发展提供参考依据,以更好地适应海外市场需求。     

数控雕铣加工铝合金材料进给速度的优化与实验验证

针对数控雕铣机床加工铝合金件的特点,运用多目标优化理论,建立了加工成本与加工效率的数学模型.经过计算,得到了一系列的进给速度的优化解.经过实验加工和验证,最终得到了在该条件下较为理想的进给速度取值范围（Vf∈2400~2560 mm/min）.研究表明,以该进给速度范围进行加工铝合金材料时,能够以相对较低的加工成本和较高的效率得到良好的表面质量.     

基于寿命周期成本的桥梁技术改造经济评价研究

运用工程经济学的基本原理,采用成本年值的动态分析方法,对既有桥梁的加固与重建在其寿命周期内可能产生的各项费用进行了详细的对比分析,建立了桥梁改造的经济分析比选模型,提出了基于寿命周期成本的桥梁技术改造的经济评价方法．最后列举简单算例说明方案比选过程,由计算结果可知该方法能较准确地反映桥梁加固工程的经济效果,能够为既有桥梁改造方案的合理选择提供参考．     

数量折扣契约下供应链生产成本扰动管理

突发事件的发生会导致生产成本发生变化,扰乱供应链的协调。而依靠数量折扣契约可以恢复供应链的协调。为此,应研究在线性需求关系下两级供应链的两个主要阶段,即第一个阶段没有突发事件发生,第二个阶段突发事件发生并导致生产成本发生变化的情况,并就集权和分权的供应链如何有效的调整批发定价策略以协调变化后的环境给出最优策略。