蜀山泵站枢纽船闸输水系统水力学模型试验

蜀山泵站枢纽船闸对引江济淮工程航运至关重要,是连通长江与淮河,确保引江济淮航运干线畅通的控制性工程,其闸室规模大、工作水头高、输水能量高,输水过程水力学问题是船闸设计的关键环节。结合工程地质和结构设计,船闸拟采用形式最为简单的闸墙长廊道侧支孔输水系统,输水过程船舶与船闸自身安全能否满足相关要求需要开展细致研究。通过比尺为1∶25的物理模型试验,对其输水过程船舶停泊条件、水力特性及引航道水流条件开展研究。结果表明:在推荐的输水系统布置和阀门开启方式下,各项水力指标均能满足规范和设计要求。     

整治建筑物周边局部冲刷深度计算

针对现有局部冲刷深度经验公式多、适用范围小、计算结果与实际出入较大的问题,从冲刷机理上推导出通用的局部冲刷公式,并根据实际情况进行修正和确定相关参数。结果表明,整治建筑物周边局部冲刷深度主要与工前水深、工程前后流速变幅、水流紊动强度、流量调整情况等有关;冲刷公式中参数k、λ、n的取值对计算结果影响较大;修正后的公式与规范相比具有一定优势。     

Mike21软件桩群概化方法在高桩码头中的应用

码头前沿水域的横流过大容易导致船舶撞击码头或系船缆绳断裂,进而引发安全事故,因此研究码头前沿水域的流场状况对码头轴线合理选取和船舶的安全靠泊有着非常重要的意义。基于桩群概化方法,采用Mike21软件中的三角形网格水动力模块(FM模块)对曹妃甸矿石一期、矿石三期高桩码头附近的流场进行了数值模拟,并与现场实测流速、流向进行对比验证,确定了模型中的桩群影响参数。在此基础上,深入研究相邻高桩码头桩群阻力对周边海域的影响,并对码头前横流进行计算和分析。此方法实施简单、计算效率高,对大范围海域影响研究结果合理,对高桩码头前沿水域有关流速、流向的计算结果更加准确,对码头轴线合理选取和船舶安全靠泊有重要的参考意义。     

Large-scale evacuation network optimization: a bi-level control method with uncertain arterial demand

To improve the efficiency of large-scale evacuations, a network aggregation method and a bi-level optimization control method are proposed in this paper. The network aggregation method indicates the uncertain evacuation demand on the arterial sub-network and balances accuracy and efficiency by refining local road sub-networks. The bi-level optimization control method is developed to reconfigure the aggregated network from both supply and demand sides with contraflow and conflict elimination. The main purpose of this control method is to make the arterial sub-network to be served without congestion and interruption. Then, a corresponding bi-objective network flow model is presented in a static manner for an oversaturated network, and a Genetic Algorithm-based solution method is used to solve the evacuation problem. The numerical results from optimizing a city-scale evacuation network for a super typhoon justify the validity and usefulness of the network aggregation and optimization control methods.     

Evaluation of pedestrian crosswalk level of service (LOS) in perspective of type of land-use

In India pedestrians usually cross the road at mid-block crosswalks due to ease of access to their destination or the development of adjacent land use types such as shopping, business areas, school and residential areas. The behaviour of pedestrian will change with respect to different land use type and this change in behaviour of pedestrian further reflects change in perceived level of service (LOS). So, it is important to evaluate the quality of service of such crossing facilities with respect to different land-use type under mixed traffic conditions. In this framework, pedestrian perceived LOS were collected with respect to different land-use type such as shopping, residential and business areas. The ordered probit (OP) model was developed by using NLOGIT software package, with number of vehicles encountered, road crossing difficulty as well as safety considered as primary factors along with pedestrian individual factors (gender and age), land-use type and roadway geometry. From the model results, it has been concluded that perceived safety, crossing difficulty, land-use condition, number of vehicles encountered, median width and number of lanes have significant effect on pedestrian perceived LOS at unprotected (un-signalized) mid-block crosswalks in mixed traffic scenario. The inferences of these results highlights the importance of land use planning in designing a new set of pedestrian access facilities for unprotected mid-block crosswalks under mixed traffic conditions. Also the study results would be useful for evaluating pedestrian accessibility taking into account different land-use type and planning required degree of segregation with vehicular movement at unprotected mid-block crosswalk locations.     

Instantaneous communication throughputs of vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) formed by connected vehicles in a traffic stream could be applied to improve safety, mobility, and environmental impacts of a transportation system. In this paper, we present analytical models for the instantaneous communication throughputs of VANETs to measure the efficiency of information propagation under various traffic conditions at a time instant. In particular, we define broadcast and unicast communication throughputs by the wireless channel bandwith multiplied by the average probabilities that one vehicle is a successful receiver and sender in a VAENT, respectively. With a protocol communication model, we derive formulas to determine the probabilities for an equipped vehicle to be a successful broadcast receiver and a successful unicast receiver/sender, and obtain broadcast and unicast throughputs along discrete and continuous traffic streams. We further examine the impacts on communication throughputs of the transmission range and the interference range of dedicated short range communication devices as well as the market penetration rate of equipped vehicles and the percentage of senders. Finally, we investigate the influence of shock waves on communication throughputs.     

高速公路改扩建工程中的环境保护

通过对高速公路改扩建工程环境保护的研究,文章首先分析改扩建工程中环境保护的必要性,并对高速公路改扩建工程中环境保护的具体内容进行分析,重点探讨高速公路改扩建工程中环境保护的具体应用,对某高速公路改扩建案例的深入分析,提出四大环境保护措施。     

液化天然气(LNG)汽车日常检查方法及维护技术综述

天然气是一种优质的替代燃料,具有污染小、安全系数高、运行费用低等优点。天然气已经成为城市公共交通领域应用最为成功和广泛的车辆替代燃料技术,为推动交通运输行业的节能减排做出了显著的贡献。液化天然气汽车,作为天然气汽车的一种类型,与传统汽柴油车相比,液化天然气汽车安装了包括液化天然气气瓶、气管路及各种控制阀门和仪表在内的专用装置,在对液化天然气汽车进行日常检查时需要针对液化天然气汽车的专用装置进行重点检查。本文则针对液化天然气汽车的特点,对液化天然气汽车的正确使用方法、日常检查方法及维护技术要求、以及相关注意事项三个方面进行了解读,为指导液化天然气汽车进行日常检查与定期维护提供了技术参考。     

公路隧道运营通风横通道周围流场特性研究

为研究公路隧道巷道式运营通风横通道周围的流场特性,以贵州凉风坳隧道为研究背景,利用流体力学研究软件Fluent建立隧道三维模型并进行了数值仿真计算。通过在隧道两边等风速条件下,对隧道内人行横通道以及车行横通道附近的流场特点研究,分析了运营通风横通道周围流场分布的具体特点。模拟结果表明:车行横通道与人行横通道两边流场分布基本相同;横通道内风速相对较小,约为隧道内风速的10%;不同风速下,横通道附近的速度分布和总压分布整体走势一致;两边流场相对稳定,不会进行风流和污染物的串流。     

On the income elasticity of the value of travel time

Transport infrastructure is long-term and in appraisal it is necessary to value travel time savings for future years. This requires knowing how the value of time (VTT) will develop over time as incomes grow. This paper investigates if the cross-sectional income elasticity of the VTT is equal to inter-temporal income elasticity. The study is based on two identical stated choice experiments conducted with a 13 year interval. Results indicate that the relationship between income and the VTT in the cross-section has remained unchanged over time. As a consequence, the inter-temporal income elasticity of the VTT can be predicted based on cross-sectional income elasticity. However, the income elasticity of the VTT is not a constant but increases with income. For this reason, the average income elasticity of the VTT in the cross-sections has increased between the two survey years and can be expected to increase further over time.