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221.
Simon Bennett 《运输规划与技术》2013,36(4):307-330
Community Transport (CT) in the UK operates a diverse range of services, and organisations are computerising management and operational functions. This paper describes the approach which has been taken to computerising four operational decision making functions. The paper considers models of human decision making and problem solving, with particular reference to an information processing view of cognitive activity and to perception and memory. The design of decision support systems is also discussed. Four decision problems are considered. For each, the paper considers how people tackle the problem, how computers can be used to tackle it and the approach which has been adopted. For allocating trips to vehicles using a diary, the approach has been to provide a representation on screen of a manual diary. For vehicle brokerage, vehicles are presented to the operator allocating a booking in an order based on the Sequence Number, an index of how ‘difficult to book’ a vehicle is, and the distance of the vehicle's base from the start point of the trip. For the sorting of passenger pick‐ups into an efficient tour, traditional solutions to the travelling salesperson problem have been rejected in favour of a solution using spacefilling curves. Finally, for allocating dial‐a‐ride passenger trips to vehicle shifts an approach has been chosen which presents the operator with appropriate information rather than attempting to automate the scheduling. The paper concludes that the approach to the diary has been successful and accepted by operators, although the similar approach to the dial‐a‐ride scheduling has not, as the system has not yet been able to replace manual scheduling aids. The facility to order passenger pick‐ups is little used by operators. Finally, it is suggested that the vehicle brokerage problem may be an appropriate use of fuzzy logic. 相似文献
222.
Frederick C. Dunbar 《运输规划与技术》2013,36(3):201-215
An important decision faced by airline schedulers is how to adapt the flight schedule and aircraft assignment to unforeseen perturbations in an established schedule. In the face of unforeseen aircraft delays, schedulers have to decide which flights to delay, and when delays become excessive, which to cancel. Current scheduling models deal with simple decision problems of delay or cancellation, but not with both simultaneously. But in practice the optimal decision may involve results from the integration of both flight cancellations and delays. In Part I of this paper, a quadratic programming model for the integration decision problem is given. The model can formulate the integration of flight cancellations and delays as well as some special cases, such as the ferrying of surplus aircraft and the possibility of swapping different types of aircraft. In this paper, based on the special structure of the model, an effective algorithm is presented, sufficient computational experiments are conducted and some results are reported. These show that we can expect to obtain a sufficiently good solution in terms of reasonable CPU time. 相似文献
223.
邻近建筑物条件下青岛地铁盾构施工风险评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以往构建的邻近建筑条件下地铁盾构施工风险指标没有考虑指标间的相关性,且忽略专家的犹豫程度,首先从方法创新的角度利用决策实验室法(DEMATEL)确定准则层间综合影响关系,作为控制层结构关系构建网络层次结构模型,求出DEMATEL和ANP相结合的主观混合权重; 再以熵权法求解客观权重,采用主客观权重偏差平方和最小为目标函数求解组合权重; 最后考虑了专家犹豫程度,运用vague集法进行施工风险评价。通过计算得出青岛地铁1号线安安区段风险等级与工程实际相符合,进而验证了该评价方法的实用性。 相似文献
224.
针对如何快速确定分数阶Fourier变换最佳阶次的问题,在分析拟牛顿迭代法基本原理的基础上,研究了其在这一实际应用中的具体实现步骤.通过仿真实验展现了拟牛顿迭代法搜索分数阶Fourier变换最佳变换阶次的收敛过程,分析讨论了其在实际应用中存在的利弊. 相似文献
225.
提出一种基于负熵的分数低阶独立分量分析(ICA)算法,为使算法更好的适用于实际环境,结合当下较为新颖的Volterra滤波方法——VLMS算法,该算法对高斯噪声有良好的去除效果.仿真结果表明,算法对于含有两种噪声的混合图像具有良好的分离特性及实际意义. 相似文献
226.
227.
基于模糊数学、排队理论与选址理论,建立了应急救援物流中物资分发点的多目标模糊排队选址优化模型,其中:受灾点的需求率和物资分发点的服务率为模糊数,物资分发点建立成本最小和救援反应时间最短为目标函数.设计了模型的求解算法,确定了物资分发点的选址以及各个分发点所覆盖的受灾点区域范围.结合具体算例,验证了模型的实用性,并分析了物资分发点应急服务能力对救援效果的影响. 相似文献
228.
229.
针对沥青路面破坏现象建立合理的路面使用性能评价标准、使用性能预测模型和预养护决策模型,可为合理科学地进行高速公路沥青路面预防性养护决策、规划提供理论依据,供高速公路养护管理部门参考。 相似文献
230.
给出了直觉模糊信息的比较可能度和数乘运算的概念,考虑了基于直觉模糊信息且属性权重完全未知的多属性群决策问题.基于直觉模糊熵权理论和相对熵原理建立相应最优化模型,讨论了模型的求解,获得了属性的客观权重和方案的最终权重,并依据方案的最终权重对方案进行排序.通过一个算例表明所提方法的有效性. 相似文献