壳聚糖制备及其在渔业废水处理中的应用

比较酸－酸－碱－碱和酸－碱－酸－碱法制备甲壳质方法的异同；得到脱乙酰度为８６％的壳聚糖，用原子吸收法测定锌、铅、铜、镉四种重金属的含量，用其处理渔业废水，ＣＯＤ去除率达７４％。     

有机固体废物好氧堆肥反应器的设计

针对目前商品化的堆肥反应器较少,且个别应用的反应器亦存在着反应物料多混合不均匀、易产生臭气等问题,设计了一种带有搅拌齿和吸附层的有机固体废物堆肥反应器。该反应器主体材料用有机玻璃或不锈钢制成,可装堆料100 L。该装置包括保温层、集气层、吸附填料层、进气缓冲层、旋转轴、搅拌齿、进气管、排液管、出料口、排气口、活动盖连接及由保温层内壁包容的空间所构成的堆肥仓。实际进行厨余垃圾堆肥时,平均通风量应为68.19 m3/d;气体流量计的最大量程应为0.15 m3/min;风机应提供的风量为8.4 m3/h,全压为2×103Pa。反应器搅拌轴的直径为30 mm,变速器输出轴的轴径取15 mm,搅拌齿的外径取25 cm,搅拌轴的有效高度为57 cm,搅拌设备的电机额定功率为3.0 kW。该装置具有能使反应物料混合均匀、避免产生臭气等的潜在优点。     

大骨节病病区饮水有机物调查研究

采集陕西省榆林市大骨节病病区蟒坑村,马家兔村及非病区长海则村和陕西省彬县大骨节病病区先锋村、韩家村的饮用水各２００ Ｌ,经ＸＡＤ ７ 高效吸附树脂富集,甲醇 丙酮洗脱后,采用色谱／质谱／红外光谱／计算机联机分析鉴定。病区水样共检出了１２ 种６ 类有机物,其中烷基、羟基 二氢萘和临苯二甲酸酯均属含苯环的对人和动物有害的有机物,它们在病区水样有机物中的相对丰度均大于７４％ 。非病区水样检出了７ 种５ 类有机物,其中对人和动物有害的含苯环化合物在有机物中的相对丰度为３３％ ,与病区形成显著性差异。病区水样的红外光谱中特殊强吸收峰为１１００ ｃｍ － １、１６３０ ｃｍ － １和８５０ ｃｍ － １,主要是样品中含芳香烃、醇类和酰胺类化合物,而非病区水样的该吸收峰相对很低,形成显著差异。提示饮水中含苯环有机物（无论是芳香烃或者是烷基苯酚）可能是致大骨节病的主要有机物     

基于实验结果的有机半导体薄膜三极管动作特性解析

根据采用有机半导体材料酞菁铜制作的有机静电感应三极管的测试结果，使用适当电路模型和数学工具，进行数值仿真解析，对其动作机理和电气特性进行了解析和评价．     

Microbial community structure in the marginal ice zone of the Bellingshausen Sea

Phytoplankton, bacteria and microzooplankton were investigated on a transect in the Bellingshausen Sea during the ice melt period in November–December 1992. The transect along the 85°W meridian comprised seven stations that progressed from solid pack-ice (70°S), through melting ice into open water (67°S). The abundance, biomass and taxonomic composition were determined for each component of the microbial community. The phytoplankton was mostly dominated by diatoms, particularly small (<20 μm) species. Diatom abundance ranged from 66 000 cells l⁻¹ under the ice to 410 000 cells l⁻¹ in open water. Phytoplankton biomass varied from <1 to 167 mg C m⁻³, with diatoms comprising 89–95% of the total biomass in open water and autotrophic nanoflagellates comprising 57% under the ice. The standing stocks of autotrophs in the mixed layer ranged from 95 mg C m⁻² under the pack-ice to 9478 mg C m⁻² in open waters. Bacterial abundance in ice-covered and open water stations varied from 1.1 to 5.5×10⁸ cells l⁻¹. Bacterial biomass ranged from 2.4 mg C m⁻³ under pack-ice to an average of 14 mg C m⁻³ in open water. The microzooplankton consisted mainly of aloricate oligotrich ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates and these were most abundant in open waters. Their biomass varied between 0.2 and 54 mg C m⁻³ with a minimum at depth under the ice and maximum in open surface waters. Microheterotrophic standing stocks varied between 396 mg C m⁻² under pack-ice and 3677 mg C m⁻² in the open waters. The standing stocks of the total microbial community increased consistently from 491 mg C m⁻² at the ice station to 13 155 mg C m⁻² in open waters, reflecting the productive response of the community to ice-melt. The composition of the microbial community also shifted markedly from one dominated by heterotrophs (82% of microbial stocks) at the ice station to one dominated by autotrophs (73% of microbial stocks) in the open water. Our estimates suggest that the microbial community comprised >100% of the total particulate organic carbon (POC) under the ice and 62–66% of the measured POC in the open waters.     

"站在巨人的肩膀上"-科学的"公有性"之我见

所有科学的重大发现、理论与规律,都是社会合作的产物,都必须及时地、公开地发表,为社会全体成员所共享;科学的公有性与无私利性是紧密相关的;科学的公有性要求进行科学交流和科学合作。     

融雪剂融雪机理及发展状况

介绍了融雪剂融雪化冰机理,综述了融雪剂的发展过程.融雪剂的发展经历了4个阶段：氯盐型、非氯盐型、防锈型、有机环保型,详细介绍了这4类融雪剂的代表性产品的性能、优缺点及应用情况,并对其性能进行对比分析.     

城市轨道交通在北京市城市结构调整中的作用及对策

从分析北京市现有的城市规划布局和交通中存在的问题出发,总结伦敦等大城市施行“有机疏散“规划的经验,探讨城市轨道交通在北京城市结构调整中的作用,并提出相关的对策。     

Using satellite observations of ocean color to categorize the dispersal patterns of river-borne substances in the Gaoping (Kaoping) River, Shelf and Canyon system

Mapping the water constituents from remotely sensed ocean color data enables a better understanding of the dispersal patterns of river-borne substances in the Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) River, Shelf and Canyon (KPRSC) system. Based on twelve MODIS-Aqua images in the KPRSC region taken in 2005, we apply a newly developed GA-SA approach to derive maps of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and non-algal particle/detritus/mineral (NAP). The results demonstrated that the different characteristics of Chl-a, CDOM and NAP make them ideal tracers for observing large-scale dispersal patterns. With ancillary information of averaged daily precipitation, the daily wind field obtained from QuikSCAT (Quick Scatterometer), and the 8-day composite of the temperature field obtained from MODIS-Aqua, we categorized the surface dispersal patterns as coastal, northwestward and frontal patterns. Also, for the first time, we observed a sudden increase of biomass on a large scale from a pair of ocean color images taken over only a 2-day interval. Another remarkable feature is the interaction between the southeastward flow and the intrusion of the Kuroshio Branch, resulting in complicated patterns with various scales of vortex structures and current fronts. The observed features could be used for model validation of the flow field of the KPRSC system.     

A STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER AND PREVALENCE OF KASHIN BECK DISEASE

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