合成脂肪酸废水的厌氧处理

对合成脂肪酸废水首先采用氧化钙处理，使其浓度降低到３０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，再采用中温厌氧生物处理。在平均水力停留时间为５天时，废水的ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率达７９．１％，沼气产率为０．４１ＮＭ３／ｋｇＣｏＤＣｒ试验还发现，的存在失使厌氧发酵的ｐＨ值上升。     

有源驱动有机半导体发光三极管

研制了有源驱动的有机发光显示器件—具有有机静电感应三极管结构的有机电致发光三极管，并测试评价了其基本电气、光学特性．研制的有机电致发光三极管，采用酞氰铜和喹啉铝蒸发膜作为作用层，由测试结果可知，较低的栅极偏压可控制由源极注入到喹啉铝发光层的载流子，通过合理设计、控制制作梳状铝栅极结构，获得了高速、高电流密度等良好的三极管工作特性。     

中重型柴油机满足欧Ⅲ排放法规的认识与对策

简介了欧Ⅲ排放检测标准和满足欧Ⅱ排放法规柴油机的排放达标措施,介绍了几种国外欧Ⅲ样机的排放测试结果,结合我国的实际情况提出了欧Ⅲ柴油机应采用的主要技术措施。     

Greenhouse gas emissions from ships in ports – Case studies in four continents

Emissions of GHG from the transport sector and how to reduce them are major challenges for policy makers. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships while in port based on annual data from Port of Gothenburg, Port of Long Beach, Port of Osaka and Sydney Ports. Port call statistics including IMO number, ship name, berth number and time spent at berth for each ship call, were provided by each participating port. The IMO numbers were used to match each port call to ship specifications from the IHS database Sea-web. All data were analysed with a model developed by the IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute for the purpose of quantifying GHG emissions (as CO₂-equivalent) from ships in the port area. Emissions from five operational modes are summed in order to account for ship operations in the different traffic areas. The model estimates total GHG emissions of 150,000, 240,000, 97,000, and 95,000 tonnes CO₂ equivalents per year for Gothenburg, Long Beach, Osaka, and Sydney, respectively. Four important emission-reduction measures are discussed: reduced speed in fairway channels, on-shore power supply, reduced turnaround time at berth and alternative fuels. It is argued that the potential to reduce emissions in a port area depends on how often a ship revisits a port: there it in general is easier to implement measures for high-frequent liners. Ships that call 10 times or less contribute significantly to emissions in all ports.     

A comparative life-cycle energy and emissions analysis for intercity passenger transportation in the U.S. by aviation,intercity bus,and automobile

Intercity passenger trips constitute a significant source of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and criteria pollutant emissions. The most commonly used city-to-city modes in the United States include aircraft, intercity bus, and automobile. This study applies state-of-the-practice models to assess life-cycle fuel consumption and pollutant emissions for intercity trips via aircraft, intercity bus, and automobile. The analyses compare the fuel and emissions impacts of different travel mode scenarios for intercity trips ranging from 200 to 1600 km. Because these modes operate differently with respect to engine technology, fuel type, and vehicle capacity, the modeling techniques and modeling boundaries vary significantly across modes. For aviation systems, much of the energy and emissions are associated with auxiliary equipment activities, infrastructure power supply, and terminal activities, in addition to the vehicle operations between origin/destination. Furthermore, one should not ignore the embodied energy and initial emissions from the manufacturing of the vehicles, and the construction of airports, bus stations, highways and parking lots. Passenger loading factors and travel distances also significantly influence fuel and emissions results on a per-traveler basis. The results show intercity bus is generally the most fuel-efficient mode and produced the lowest per-passenger-trip emissions for the entire range of trip distances examined. Aviation is not a fuel-efficient mode for short trips (<500 km), primarily due to the large energy impacts associated with takeoff and landing, and to some extent from the emissions of ground support equipment associated with any trip distance. However, aviation is more energy efficient and produces less emissions per-passenger-trip than low-occupancy automobiles for trip distances longer than 700–800 km. This study will help inform policy makers and transportation system operators about how differently each intercity system perform across all activities, and provides a basis for future policies designed to encourage mode shifts by range of service. The estimation procedures used in this study can serve as a reference for future analyses of transportation scenarios.     

重庆市内河船舶污染物排放现状及LNG动力船舶推广效益分析

重庆地处长江上游经济带核心地区,水运发达,随着客货运量逐年增加,通行的内河船舶尾气排放严重影响港口及航道附近大气环境,已成为重庆大气污染的主要来源之一,颗粒物、NO_x的排放分别占重庆市总排放的4.3%、21.9%,SO_2占年排放的7.4%(14.8%。在大气环境问题日益严峻的情况下,LNG动力船舶因其可明显降低排气污染物,越发受到社会关注,对重庆市单LNG动力示范船舶尾气排放进行实测,对比柴油动力船舶,颗粒物、NO_x、SO_2减排显著,减排率分别达99.94%、72.69%、100%。因此,LNG动力船舶的推广表现出明显的环境效益,同时,综合分析了当前LNG动力船舶推广存在问题及困难。     

显示技术在军事领域的应用与发展

从早期的CRT显示器到现在的平板显示器的广泛商用,以及随着技术的发展和材料的成熟、成本的降低,显示技术现在正逐步转换到军事应用。阐述了柔性显示技术的研究发展,并预测柔性显示技术也将随着技术的日趋成熟在军用领域中衍生出多种方式的应用。     

Toxic air pollutants and trucking productivity in the US

This paper introduces toxic air pollutants into the measurement of trucking productivity to obtain true productivity growth. Our results show that omitting or ignoring toxic air pollutants in measuring trucking productivity yields statistically significant biased productivity estimates in for 2002-2005. Trucking productivity growth was understated by the traditional productivity measure, because the latter did not account for reductions in truck air pollution over time. We also find that the difference between traditional and environmental efficiency scores was negligible, suggesting that environmental constraint did not distort efficiency in the trucking sector.     

石化装置腐蚀环境中有机非金属管材的应用

针对石化装置普遍应用的几种有机非金属管材,通过对其物理机械性能、耐腐蚀性能的对比,并结合兰州石化公司有机非金属管材应用实际情况,对有机非金属管材的使用范围及其局限性进行综合分析,最后重点讨论氯化聚氯乙烯非金属管道的性能特征,为石化生产装置合理选择非金属管道材料提供一定的参考.     

负荷对柴油机微粒排放特性及其组分的影响

分析了柴油机排气微粒 (PM)的组分及其生成机理 ,并通过试验研究了负荷对PM的排放特性及其组分的影响 ,指出了负荷与PM流量之间的指数函数关系以及PM中可溶性组分 (SOF)和不可溶性组分 (IOF)的含量随负荷的变化趋势