Biologically induced differences in erodibility and aggregation of subtidal and intertidal sediments: a possible cause for seasonal changes in sediment deposition

This study was carried out to describe the difference in erodibility and aggregation in a tidal basin including both subtidal and intertidal study sites and to use these results to explain the shifting erosion/deposition cycles at the sites. Erosion thresholds, erosion rates and settling velocities of the eroded material were measured at a mudflat transect and at sediment cores taken from a nearby tidal channel during surveys made in May 2000 and March 2002. Surface samples were analysed for grain-size, chl. a content, faecal pellet content, dry bulk density and organic content. Additionally, surface samples were taken at eight occasions in the period January 2002 to May 2003 from shallow tidal channels in the area. These samples were analysed for mud content and showed that major shifts in sediment distribution occurred in the period. The erodibility of the mudflat was generally high due to pelletization by the mudsnail Hydrobia ulvae but close to the salt marsh much lower erodibility was found, probably due to stabilisation by microphytobenthos. In contrast, the erodibility of the channel bed seemed to be very little influenced by biological activity and the relatively low erodibility found here was caused by physical characteristics of the sediment. The sediment eroded from the mudflat was generally strongly pelletized and showed high settling velocities whereas less aggregation and lower settling velocities were found for the channel bed sediments. Temporal variations of the mudflat stability and hydrodynamics resulted in temporal variations of deposition and erosion and the changing stability at the mudflat is likely to be one of the main reasons for a general transport of fine-grained sediment from the mudflat to the channel in the cold seasons and vice versa during the rest of the year.     

海绵城市生物渗滤单元填料对城市道路径流污染物处理效果的实验研究

通过对海绵城市生物渗滤单元几种常见的填料及其在不同配比下对于城市道路径流中的Zn、总P和石油类三种代表性污染物处理效果的实验分析，考察了不同填料对城市道路径流污染物的去除效果。结果表明，河砂的去除效果好于沸石。实验期间，河砂柱对锌的去除率均高于95%， 而沸石柱在通水的前三天内对锌的去除率高于90%，随后逐渐降低。在河砂中适当添加少量砾石有助于在保证去除率的情况下提高其渗透速率， 当河砂与砾石质量比为2∶1时，填充柱的渗透速率达到4 mm/min，同时其对各污染物的去除效果也很明显。     

混合交通流参数之间关系模型标定

提出了混合交通流参数之间关系模型的标定和超车换道率的计算方法,采用广深高速公路、广佛高速公路和沪宁高速公路的实测数据对模型进行了验证,并计算了各数据点的超车换道率.结果表明,流量、密度数据的相关系数都接近1,超车换道率介于-1和1之间.     

刺激犬体表感受器兴奋心脏表面神经元对心脏功能的影响

为了观察体表刺激对犬心脏表面神经元活动及对心脏功能的影响，定量敲击麻醉开胸犬的左胸壁、上腹壁，同步记录犬右心房神经节丛神经元内单位放电的频数及心脏变时、变力性反应。结果：敲击左胸壁、上腹壁均可使右心房神经节丛内神经元在１０ｓ内单位放电频数增加，同时伴有心率减慢和室心律失常。静脉注射普萘洛尔（１ｍｇ／ｋｇ），可使刺激体表引起的室性心律失常反应减少。静脉注射阿托品（１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）使刺激体表引起的心率减慢反应未完全消除；心脏急性去神经支配后，敲击体表对引起神经元的放电频数和变时反应均无明显影响。本研究说明：敲击犬心前区和上腹壁可直接引起心脏表面神经节丛内的副交感神经元兴奋，窦房结自律性降低，引起负性频率作用；在此基础上刺激兴奋了心脏表面交感神经元可诱发室性心律失常。由于传入通路被切断影响上述反应，提示：接受刺激的体表感受器或神经纤维与心脏表面神经元之间存在着一定的联系。     

粘土含量对粉沙质泥沙沉降速度的影响

通过对泥沙沉降试验结果进行统计整理和理论分析,研究了粘土含量对粉沙质泥沙沉降速度的影响。结果表明:泥沙沉降速度同时受泥沙中值粒径d50和粘土含量p0.004控制;沉降速度ω随泥沙中值粒径d50增大而增大;粘土含量较小时,沉速随p0.004增大而减小,粘土含量较大时,沉速随粘土含量增大而增大;粘土含量对泥沙沉速影响的分界点为20%~25%。     

上汽通用五菱供应商注塑机台统计分析

上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司(下面简称“上通五”)曾经作为在国内连续十几年的单一车企销量冠军,年产销量在2015年就已突破200万辆大关,打造过多个爆火车型,一度被网友们称作“神车”专业户。上通五连续多年巨大的年产销量,多个爆火车型的快速上量对供应商的生产能力也提出了巨大的挑战。本文将对上通五注塑件供应商的注塑能力做主要分析,全面统计上通五在柳州,青岛,重庆三个基地的供应商注塑机台不同吨位区间的机台数量,产能利用率,自动化普及率及注塑机台的综合评分等信息。掌握现有注塑机台的信息将有助于推进供应商的专业化发展,提前识别潜在的产能风险,面对供应商产能不足的情况能快速制定解决措施,平衡各供应商的业务,提升供应商现有的产能利用率,推进设备技术参数统一便于零件平台化设计,识别优质供应商资源建立战略合作关系。     

铁路矩形墩桥梁横向振动试验研究

通过对京通线银镇沟桥的现场振动测试 ,得到该桥的横向振动特性 ,给出桥上列车轮轨作用力的典型时程曲线和列车的脱轨系数及轮重减载率 ,为进一步研究矩形桥墩的横向振动提供实测数据。     

试样厚度对船用钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率影响的试验

为研究试样厚度对船用钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响,设计并实施两组不同厚度的紧凑拉伸试样进行疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,同时建立了三维疲劳裂纹扩展有限元模型,分别基于线弹性理论和弹塑性理论对应力强度因子进行了计算,并分析了试样厚度对裂纹扩展速率的影响。试验与计算结果的综合分析表明：相同应力水平下,薄试样裂纹尖端的塑性区明显大于厚试样,且裂纹尖端应力强度因子值大于理论经验计算结果可达23.25%,因此,在材料裂纹扩展速率试验前,特别是试样厚度尺寸较小时,应充分考虑试样的厚度效应,参考基于弹塑性理论计算得到的应力强度因子结果,同时有必要针对当前试样及材料进行专门的裂纹扩展速率试验,以得到准确裂纹扩展参数结果。     

花岗闪长岩残积土及全强风化岩的崩解性能研究

针对东莞轨道交通花岗闪长岩残积土及全强风化岩的崩解特性,结合崩解试验和颗粒分析,得出其具有崩解性和产生的原因,以及岩(土)体由慢速崩解到快速崩解再到慢速崩解的三个阶段;崩解性与岩石失水程度有关:失水越多,失水过程越剧烈,崩解量越大,速度越快;从残积层、全风化层和强风化层的崩解速度和崩解量中看出,随着风化程度的减弱,崩解性有所减弱。