基于压阻数的城轨交通地面储能系统选址方法

传统选址方法存在工作量大、步骤繁琐、易用性差的不足。基于城轨交通地面储能系统功能定位提出压阻数的概念,即全运营周期内所有列车运行至某站点时,该站点出现低电压的次数与制动电阻开启且持续一定时间的次数之和;提出基于压阻数的城轨交通地面储能系统选址方法。首先通过检测站点附近的低电压发生次数及制动电阻开启一定时间的次数计算压阻数;然后采用将平峰时段发车间隔作为选址仿真时的输入,在压阻数大于2 MP (M为全线列车数、P为每列车运行周期)的站点安装地面储能系统的选址策略;最后给出选址流程。算例研究表明:压阻数具有表征站点再生制动能量利用率和电能质量的能力;提出基于压阻数的选址方法是有效的,且受工况及运营图的影响小,具有普适性。     

调频式钢轨阻尼器安装偏差对钢轨振动衰减率的影响

为提高调频式钢轨阻尼器的减振降噪作用,本文基于谱元法建立简化计算模型,推导出钢轨单元的谱传递矩阵,再用BLOCH定理计算出钢轨振动衰减率。通过计算安装调频式钢轨阻尼器前后钢轨的振动衰减率,分析调频式钢轨阻尼器对钢轨振动衰减率的影响,并计算对比调频式钢轨阻尼器安装偏差的影响。结果表明:调频式钢轨阻尼器能大幅度提高自身工作频率附近的振动衰减率,在300,1 700 Hz附近均出现新的带隙,且钢轨一阶Pinned-pinned共振频率附近的带隙被拓宽,相应的衰减率峰值也得到提高;调频式钢轨阻尼器安装偏差会对500 Hz以上高频部分的振动衰减率产生影响,对500 Hz以内的几乎不会产生影响。     

Nonlinear numerical analysis and progressive damage assessment of a cable-stayed bridge pier subjected to ship collision

Despite many studies on barge collisions with girder bridges in the literature, this paper investigates the progressive damage behaviors and nonlinear failure modes of a cable-stayed bridge pier subjected to ship collisions using finite element (FE) simulations in LS-DYNA. The damages in the pier initiate with appearing of local shear failures in the slender columns during the ship collision stage and reach the severe cross-sectional fractures associated with the formation of plastic hinges which causes the combined shear-flexural failures during the free vibration phase of the pier response. In addition, an analytical simplified model with two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) is proposed to formulate the strain rate effects of the concrete materials as the dynamic increase factors in the global responses of the impacted pier. It is found that the analytical model is able to efficiently estimate the impact responses of the structure compared to those from the FE high-resolution simulations. Moreover, three different damage indices are proposed based on the pier deflection, the internal energy absorbed by the pier, and the axial load capacity of the pier columns to classify the damage levels of the pier. Finally, an efficient damage index method is determinant by comparing the calculated results with the damage behaviors of the pier observed from the FE simulations.     

基于CAPESIZE船型澳大利亚西北航线经济航速与超经济航速的应用研究

针对国际油价的不断攀升,船舶营运成本的不断加大,航运公司越来越重视船舶的营运经济问题.运用了主机转速有效控制船舶航速的方法,对澳大利亚西北至中国大陆航线上的经济航速与超经济航速的应用进行对比分析,得出了船舶运营油耗节约与航速、主机转速的关系,为航运公司实现精细化航运管理、提升经营效益提供参考.     

Nonlinear dynamic response of blast-loaded stiffened plates considering the strain rate sensitivity

The aim of the present paper is to develop a simple theoretical method which can quickly calculate the nonlinear dynamic response of stiffened plates under a blast loading. The large deformation behavior of the stiffened plate is analyzed by using a singly symmetric beam model as representative of the stiffened plate. The material is assumed to be rigid-perfectly plastic, and the strain rate sensitivity is considered by using the Cowper–Symonds constitutive model (CS model). By Lee's extremum principle, the instantaneous modes of nonlinear structural response are determined. A series of calculations are performed to investigate the influence of pulse intensity, pulse duration, plate thickness, stiffener spacing and material property on the displacement response. The obtained results are in good agreement with those of numerical simulations performed by software package ABAQUS, and then a definition for the cases when the simplified method proposed here can be used is provided.     

Indoor air quality and passenger thermal comfort in Beijing metro transfer stations

In this study, particulate matter was investigated as the primary pollutant in the air quality of Beijing Metro transfer stations, and passenger thermal comfort during the transfer process was evaluated by using the relative warmth index (RWI). Passenger thermal comfort level is not ideal in 87% of the measured space and is slightly hot overall, with an RWI range of 0.20–0.43. Although 20% of the measured space has lower values than ASHRAE’s cooling comfort class, the thermal comfort level of most measured space is good in winter morning rush hours, with an RWI range from −0.18 to 0.28. The particulate matter (PM) concentration is related not only to the season and spatial depth but also to the transfer design of the metro station. During the morning rush period, the concentration ranges difference of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in winter are 262.9 μg/m³ and 125.5 μg/m³, respectively, which are 1.43 and 1.46 times higher than those of in summer. There are significant differences in the PM concentration and RWI values between the island and lateral platforms of Beijing Metro transfer stations, and the design of the lateral platform is superior to that of the island platform. Another exploratory experiment is conducted to determine if the PM concentration has a potential effect on human metabolic rate. The data in this paper provide a valuable reference for further comfort research and environmental control in metro station, and the conclusions may guide the further underground space design of metro transfer stations.     

高速铁路与公路客运竞争的市场分担率模型研究

随着高速铁路的快速发展,高速铁路网络初步形成,对公路客运也产生了巨大的冲击。在原有由经济性、快速性、方便性、舒适性、安全性因素组成的传统Logit函数上,加入偏好性因素,构建了改进的Logit函数模型来分析竞争市场分担率。同时,基于运行时速和距离,构建了高速铁路与公路客运市场分担率演变模型并进行了敏感性分析。结果表明,从市场总份额和影响因素重要性角度来讲,高速铁路与公路客运市场份额分别为53.32%和46.8%;从不同距离上的竞争演变角度来讲,在高速铁路时速分别为200、250、300、350 km时,高速铁路与公路客运竞争的市场临界点分别为200、150、100、75 km,大于这些临界点时,高速铁路市场份额占优势;小于这些临界点时,公路客运市场份额占优势。     

提高“轮机工程基础”考证通过率的探讨

文章针对航海院校轮机管理专业学生的三管轮适任证书考试,从把握考试大纲、熟悉教材和题库,多种方式相结合教学,系统复习、融会贯通和加强学生应试能力的训练四个方面论述了如何提高＂轮机工程基础＂课程的考证一次通过率。     

Strain rate sensitive steel constitutive models for finite element analysis of vessel-structure impacts

Civil infrastructure systems such as bridge piers, navigational guide walls, and protection structures that are located near navigable waterways are inherently at risk for being impacted by cargo vessels such as barges and ships. To safely design such systems to possess adequate vessel impact resistance, structural loads associated with potential vessel-structure collision conditions must be quantified in a conservative manner. While high-resolution finite element impact simulations may be employed to compute such loads, care must be exercised in defining the material characteristics of the vessel if conservative structural design loads are to be obtained. Importantly, constitutive relationships assigned to steel components in the vessel model must be capable of accounting for strain rate sensitivities and large-scale plastic deformations.In the present study, strain rate sensitive constitutive models were developed for two types of steel commonly utilized in marine construction in the United States—ASTM A36 and ASTM A1011. Tension tests were conducted over a wide range of strain rates (7.00 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ – 250 s⁻¹) spanning from quasi-static to intermediate and high rates that are typically associated with vessel-structure impact events. A novel testing apparatus—employing an impact pendulum as an energy supply mechanism—was designed for this study to conduct intermediate to high-rate material testing. Features of the apparatus, discussed in this paper, overcome key problems encountered in other studies that have employed impact loading for tensile material testing. From the testing program, representative stress–strain relations and Cowper–Symonds strain rate sensitivity parameters were developed for the materials tested. Rate sensitivities of the two steel grades tested were found to be very similar to each other. Additionally, rate sensitivities from the present study agreed well with ultimate stress data measured in past studies of mild steel, but were found to be less rate-sensitive than yield stress data measured in past studies.     

不确定交通需求下交叉口信号配时区间优化模型

为解决混合交通流的不确定需求，合理描述不确定参数用以信号配时优化，本文提出交叉口信号控制配时参数区间优化模型。首先，以高峰时段5min采集标段数据，构造交通量区间，修正Highway Capacity Manual 2010(HCM2010)饱和流率计算公式，估计混合交通饱和流率区间；其次，构建信号配时参数区间非线性多目标规划模型，并以交叉口服务水平为性能目标，利用区间序关系与区间可能度模型进行转换，采用多层嵌套遗传算法求解；最后，以北京市道路等级相差较大的两相位与三相位交叉路口高峰时段数据为例，验证信号配时区间优化模型，并运用 VISSIM软件进行仿真比较。结果表明：本文所建模型可行、有效，且考虑饱和流率区间的信号配 时区间优化模型更适合于关键相位饱和流率波动较大的两相位信号交叉口，机动车平均延误和交叉口通行能力较Webster方法分别优化了35.9%和14.9%。