近场和远场地震动作用下双层竖向重叠地铁隧道地震反应特性

基于江苏省的地震环境,研究近、远场地震动作用下的双层竖向重叠地铁隧道的地震反应特性,并与单层地铁隧道的地震反应特性进行比较。结果表明:在近场地震动作用下上下层隧道之间的相互作用对隧道的相对水平位移差具有放大作用,而在远场地震动作用下双层隧道的相对水平位移差与单层隧道的基本相同;在近、远场地震动作用下,上层隧道的相对水平位移差要比下层的大得多;在近场地震动作用下存在隧道拱肩外侧的地震应力大于拱肩内侧地震应力的现象,而在远场地震动作用下地铁隧道拱肩内侧的地震应力值最大;在近场地震动作用下双层隧道下层的地震应力幅值要比上层的地震应力幅值大,在远场地震动作用下则相反;在近、远场地震动作用下双层竖向重叠地铁隧道底部的峰值加速度与浅埋或深埋单层隧道的基本相同。     

QF18D航空双凸极起动/发电机关键特性研究

起动/发电一体化是现代飞机供电系统的主要发展趋势之一。QF18D航空起动/发电机采用的三相双凸极电机具有转子无磁钢无绕组、结构强度高、制造方便、可逆性好等优点,适于高空高速飞行的应用条件。文章首先扼要介绍了QF18D发电及电动工作的结构原理;然后基于有限元仿真和实验验证相结合的方法详细研究了QF18D双凸极直流发电机的空载、短路、外特性和调节特性的特点,主要探讨了换相重叠和电枢反应对电机关键特性的影响机理;最后通过航空涡喷发动机的冷热开车试验验证了QF18D的系统起动性能优越。     

多孔叠交隧道盾构施工关键技术研究

为确保多孔叠交隧道能安全快速地施工,以南宁轨道交通1号线和2号线叠交段为例,分析了叠交隧道"先下后上"施工的优势。结合现场施工情况,对叠交隧道施工的二次固结、注浆加固、下部隧道支撑加固和掘进参数控制等关键技术进行分析,给出叠交段的加固范围,分析钻注一体和台车+风钻2种施工方法以及穿行式同步移动支撑台车和可拆卸环形钢支架2种支撑方法的适用条件。对于叠交隧道盾构掘进参数控制技术,从掘进参数、盾构姿态和同步注浆3方面提出了建议。     

基于无人机与卡车协作的封控社区生活物资配送方法

针对突发公共卫生事件情况下生活物资被病毒污染,小区内居民交叉感染及配送人员短缺等问题,本文提出一种基于无人机与卡车协作的封控社区生活物资配送方法。首先,规定无人机在完成每次配送后需要返回卡车位置处进行消杀,以配送过程中社区居民交叉感染风险和配送成本最小为优化目标,以配送服务完整性、无人机载货重量限制及生活物资时效性要求等为约束条件,建立混合整数规划模型,协同优化卡车额定载重、停靠位置、所需无人机数量和无人机组配送方案;然后,设计改进多目标粒子群算法求解模型,引入一种特殊的粒子编码方式,并耦合变异算子更新部分码位的粒子位置;最后,以长春市师范南园小区为例进行案例分析,从安全、配送 成本、工作强度及一次性防控物资消耗等4个方面和卡车与人工协作配送模式进行比较分析发现,卡车与人工协作配送方法可以令社区居民交叉感染风险降低至少 91.8%,日配送成本降低16.9%,人力资源投入减少50%,一次性防护物资支出节约46.1%左右。     

基于复杂网络理论的电力网络节点安全性分析

针对电力系统复杂网络信息系统的安全问题,根据枢纽变电站分布情况及网络拓扑结构,应用复杂网络中的社团结构探索方法将电力网络划分为若干个分区.根据划分后的各个分区,确定电力网络中需要重点保护的节点和公共连边.实验结果表明:通过复杂网络中社团结构探索方法能够有效地反映电力网络的社团结构特性,为防御电力网络遭受恶性破坏提供了理论根据.     

Dynamics of suprabenthos-zooplankton communities around the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean): Influence of environmental variables and effects on the biological cycle of Aristeus antennatus

Dynamics of suprabenthos and zooplankton were analyzed in two areas located in the NW (off Sóller harbour) and S (off Cabrera Archipelago) of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean) at depths ranging between 135–780 m. Four stations situated respectively at 150 m (shelf-slope break), and at bathyal depths of 350, 650 and 750 m were sampled at bi-monthly intervals during six cruises performed between August 2003 and June 2004. Suprabenthos showed maximum biomass in both areas from late spring to summer (April to August), while minimum biomass was found in autumn (September–November). Though variable, temporal dynamics of zooplankton showed peaks of biomass in late winter and summer (February and June), while minimals occurred in autumn (August–September) and, at bathyal depths, in April. Suprabenthos (abundance; MDS analyses) showed a sample aggregation as a function of depth (3 groups corresponding to the shelf-slope break, upper slope — over 350 m; and the middle, deeper part of the slope — over 650–750 m), without any separation of hauls by season. By contrast, zooplankton samples were separated by season and not by depth. There was evidence of three seasonal groups corresponding to summer (June 2004–August 2003), autumn–winter (September and November 2003, February 2004), and spring (April 2004), being especially well established off Sóller. In general, suprabenthos was significantly correlated with the sediment variables (e.g. total organic matter content (% OM), potential REDOX), whereas zooplankton was almost exclusively dependent on Chl a at the surface, which suggests two different food sources for suprabenthos and zooplankton. The increase of suprabenthos abundance in April–June was paralleled by a sharp increase (ca. 2.8 times) in the %OM on sediment during the same period, coupled ca. 1–2 months of delay with the peak of surface Chl a recorded in February–March (from satellite imagery data). Suprabenthos biomass was also correlated with salinity close to the bottom, suggesting a link between suprabenthos abundance and changes in the oceanographic condition of water masses close to the bottom. It is suggested that a higher suprabenthos biomass recorded off Sóller in comparison to that off Cabrera in June could, in turn, be related to a seasonal inflow of Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) in April–June in this area at mid bathyal depths (350–650 m). This trend would be based on: 1) it was evident only at mid-slope depths between 350–750 m, coinciding with the LIW distribution, and 2) it was not recorded among zooplankton (collected throughout the water column). The possible effect of the fluctuations of suprabenthos and zooplankton on higher trophic levels has been explored studying the diet and food consumption rates of the red shrimp Aristeus antennatus, as indicator species by its dominance in bathyal communities. A. antennatus increased its food consumption from February to April–June 2004 off Sóller, which in the case of large (CL > 40 mm) specimens was found in both areas. In addition, there was a shift of diet from winter to spring–early summer. In this last period, A. antennatus preyed upon euphausiids and mesopelagic decapods and fish, while benthos (e.g. polychaetes and bivalves) decreased in the diet. This indicates an increase in the food consumption and probably in the caloric content of the diet in pre-spawning females in April–June 2004, which is synchronized with the period when gonad development begins in A. antennatus females (May–June). Anyway, macrozooplankton, and not suprabenthos, is crucial as a high energetic food source in the coupling between food intake and reproduction in the red shrimp.     

Spatial distribution patterns of demersal and epibenthic communities on the Galician continental shelf (NW Spain)

Spatial distribution patterns of epibenthic communities on the Galician continental shelf were studied using multivariate methods. Data came from 5 surveys carried out in 2002, 2003 and 2004. Beam trawls and otter trawls were used to study epibenthic communities along 8 transects perpendicular to the coastline. The role of depth, season, latitude and sediment characteristics was examined. Seven habitats were described according to bathymetry and sediment characteristics. There were weak linear relationships between environmental variables and species richness, biomass and species diversity. However, the canonical analysis showed that depth and sediment characteristics greatly influence smaller epibenthic communities sampled by beam trawl. Six assemblages were obtained for beam trawls: inner shelf mud, very fine sands, and fine sands, middle shelf sands, and outer shelf very fine sands, and fine sands. Five assemblages were identified for larger-sized and swimming epibenthos sampled with otter trawls. These assemblages were also determined according to depth and sediment type but sediment characteristics were less important. Otter trawl assemblages were the same as the beam trawl ones, except for on the outer shelf where no differences between sediment type were detected. For both gears, inner and outer shelf assemblages displayed a higher biotic variability than the middle shelf, as a consequence of a higher environmental heterogeneity. Typifying species were mainly eurytopic in the middle shelf, whereas eurytopic and stenotopic species characterised the inner and outer shelves.     

Succession of the ecosystems of the Aral Sea during its transition from oligohaline to polyhaline water body

During 22 field trips from 1990 to 2002 (mainly the western basin of the Large Aral) data on salinity, phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos and fish fauna have been collected. In 2002, the salinity of the western basin reached 75 ppt, while that in the eastern basin, 150 ppt. In 1999–2002, 159 species of planktonic algae have been recorded. This is approximately twice as low as recorded before. The diversity of Cyanophyta, Pyrrhophyta and Chlorophyta in particular has dropped in the past few years. As before, currently Bacillariophyta is the most diverse plankton. However, the composition of dominants has changed. Once previously dominant species, Actinocyclus ehrenbergii, vanished from the plankton of the Aral Sea and was replaced by such diatoms as Amphora coffeaformis, A. coffeaformis var. acutiuscula and Synedra tabulata var. parva.Since 1970s, a gradual decrease in the diversity of zooplankton has been taking place. Since 1997, the formerly dominant Calanipeda aquaedulcis vanished, which apparently was the reason for the emergence of Moina salina and Artemia parthenogenetica. Since 2000, artemia has been dominant in the plankton of the Aral Sea, constituting 99% of the zooplankton biomass.In the 1970–1980s, a rapid decrease in the biodiversity of the zoobenthos was observed. In the 1990s, most aboriginal and introduced species became extinct. Currently, the bivalve mollusk Syndosmya segmentum, the ostracod Cyprideis torosa and larvae of the dipteran Chironomus salinarius can still be recorded in the western basin. In the eastern basin no benthos is observed.By 1998, in the Large Aral, only five fish species survived: baltic herring Clupea harengus membras, flounder Platichthys flesus luscus, atherine Atherina boyeri caspia and bullheads Neogobius fluviatilis and Potamoschistus caucasicus. Since 2002, only flounder and atherina have been recorded in the western basin of the Large Aral. No fish have been recorded in the eastern part of the Aral Sea in 2002.With increasing salinity and transition of the Aral Sea from an oligohaline to a polyhaline water body, its biota is becoming drastically poorer. Almost all local species became extinct in the Aral; however, some still survive (including some endemics) in some lakes around the Aral Sea. In the near future, artemia will be the only animal in the Aral Sea.     

客运专线竖曲线与平面曲线重叠的试验验证

客运专线线路参数设置的合理与否,直接关系到列车运行的平稳性和旅客舒适度,而在试验列车运行条件下进行的轮轨力测试和列车运行平稳性试验是验证线路参数设置合理与否的主要手段。秦沈客运专线是我国第一条时速200 km的客运专线,对设计中采用参数合理性的实验验证是必不可少的。本文叙述了4 个半径为20 000 m的竖曲线与半径为5 500 m、7 000 m和9 000 m的平面曲线重叠条件下,轮轨作用力和列车通过时车体加速度和平稳性指标的测试过程和结果。分析表明,曲线超高应根据列车运行速度设置,以减小未被平衡的横向离心力。根据测试数据得出在试验列车250 km/h速度条件下通过这4个竖圆重叠区段是安全的,列车的舒适度达到良限值,说明竖曲线对行车影响并不十分明显。     

盾构重叠隧道施工力学行为分析

我国地铁建设的快速发展,就涉及地铁建设中上下重叠隧道的相关问题进行研究。利用三维有限元方法并结合广州某重叠盾构施工的地铁工程实例分析了下洞（左线）隧道受上洞（右线）开挖产生的影响范围、上洞盾构在不同推进力下对下洞位移、应力和应变产生的影响和下洞局部范围在有临时支护条件下随上洞开挖产生位移和内力变化。分析表明：下洞隧道结构受上洞盾构施工的影响表示形式为上洞盾构前方的下洞结构存在向下桡曲,而在后方则向上隆起,直至趋于一个定值,其中下洞盾构机的盾尾需在上洞盾构机盾头前方的50 m;上洞隧道在推进过程中,推进力是控制下洞结构变形的主要因素。此时,应严格控制上洞盾构隧道施工时盾构机推进力大小并仔细对下洞结构变形进行监测;对下洞隧道施作临时支撑可以有效减小位移和结构的受力特性;分析计算得出的结论对于盾构重叠隧道设计和施工有一定指导意义。