基于超车行为的双车道公路通行能力分析

为了研究双车道公路上的超车行为,定义了可回车车头时距与可超车车头时距,通过超车试验得到了两者的临界间隙值;分析了单向、双向车道的最小通行能力,合理解释了双向车道通行能力值小于2倍单向车道通行能力值的原因;最后确定了中国双车道公路上跟车车头时距值和跟车率。结果表明:根据实测数据及拟合仿真试验得到的双车道公路的基本通行能力为3 000 pcu.h-1。     

Gender differences in activity participation,time-of-day and duration choices: new evidence from Calgary

To date only limited research has quantified differences between female and male activity patterns, and analyses at an individual activity level are scarce. Past research has focused on investigating gender differences in mobility levels based on observed travel patterns, especially those related to commuting. This article reports new evidence based on analyses of a household activity survey data-set collected from a Canadian city – Calgary – in 2001. Results show that contemporary females and males have a very similar activity participation pattern. On the other hand, analyses applied to activity starting times support the view that there are minor gender differences in time-of-day choices. In addition, duration and survival analyses through log-rank and Wilcoxon tests show that women and men tend to spend more or less time on some of the 10 weekend/weekday activities, and thus indicate that they share different domestic and societal responsibilities: males tend to spend longer time for out-of-home activities, such as work, school, social, and out-of-town; whereas females contribute more to domestic work, including shopping, eating, and religious activity. In general, this article contributes new evidence to gender differences in activity participation, time-of-day, and duration choices at the individual activity level. Such differences may influence travelers’ time, mode, and location choices and thus have important implications for the complexity of an activity-based modeling framework. These implications are discussed along with recommendations for incorporating gender differences in an activity-based modeling framework.     

基于高阶面元法的浅水域中船-船水动力相互作用数值预报

文章开发了一种基于非均匀有理B样条（NURBS）的三维高阶面元法对浅水域中两船会遇和追越时的船-船水动力相互作用进行预报。该方法采用NURBS精确表达船体曲面,采用配置点法满足离散的边界积分方程,在边界面上的源强分布确定之后采用B样条表达物面速度势分布。基于低速假设,忽略了自由面的兴波效应,采用无穷镜像法处理刚性自由面和浅水效应,采用时间步进法在时域内求解速度势。将文中计算结果与基于RANS方程求解的CFD方法和细长体理论方法计算结果比较,验证了该方法的有效性。在此基础上,分别在不同水深、船间横向间距和船速下进行了系列的计算,分析了这些因素对船-船水动力相互作用影响。结果表明,在相同的工况下,船-船会遇时相互作用力比追越时更大,对水深变化更敏感,而对横向间距不如追越时敏感。     

基于浮动车数据的交通拥堵时间维度特征

以北京市浮动车数据为基础,对比2个工作日上午时段的交通拥堵时间百分比、持续时间特征指标,引入残存函数描述路段拥堵持续时间分布概率,采用曲线拟合后得到Log-Logistic模型可以更好地描述拥堵持续时间残存函数曲线,并对比不同路段的拥堵持续时间分布差异;此外,通过对比分析拥堵时段内速度的区间分布,得到拥堵前后时段交通状态的演变关系．通过对实际数据的具体分析直观说明交通拥堵时间维度的特征,以期为交通拥堵评估与预测奠定基础．     

港口工程进度风险分析研究

运用网络计划蒙特卡洛仿真,从宏观的项目层和微观的工序层分别进行进度风险分析:在项目层,仿真计算获取总工期的统计分布,据此计算某一计划工期的项目完工概率或完工风险,或给定完工概率或风险水平下制定计划工期;在工序层,通过计算各工序关键概率(ACP)及工序关键指标(ACI),掌握关键线路、关键工序分布情况,甄别高风险工作。此外,用VisualC 开发了一个网络计划仿真软件,并应用于一港口工程实例分析。     

H型尾操纵面模型在潜艇超越运动中的性能分析

为改进十字型尾操纵面Suboff-1模型在超越运动中的横摇现象,通过重叠网格方法与体积力模型对十字型和H型2种不同形式尾操纵面模型进行超越运动数值模拟。通过对运动中不同尾操纵面模型达到预定首摇角时间、超越运动完成时间、最大横摇角进行监测分析,获得改进后的H型尾操纵面在应舵性能、跟从性能、减摇性能上较十字型尾操纵面的优势,并对5组翼面简单的H型尾操纵面模型进行超越运动数值模拟,获得翼面宽度最优解。结果表明H型尾操纵面较十字型尾操纵面在应舵性能上有少量损失但减摇性能大幅增加,最优翼面宽度为艇体平行中体直径的50%。改变尾操纵面形式仅改变尾部涡场部分,对潜艇的隐蔽性能影响较小。     

潮位潮流关系及靠离泊窗口对港池航道乘潮历时的影响

针对大型开敞式港池及航道水域设计水深的取值问题，以宁波某工程为例，论述了基于潮流潮位关系及靠离泊窗口影响下的乘潮历时取值过程，采用规范公式计算设计水深，并以航行实践规定的安全富余水深辅以分析合理性。提出大型开敞式港池及航道水域可根据当地海区的潮流潮位关系、靠离泊窗口、通航要求及通航组织方案确定乘潮历时，研究方法可为类似港口设计提供思路。     

基于CFD的双道超车过程气动特性分析

基于计算流体力学（CFD）中的动网格技术对双道超车进行了数值模拟，研究表明，双道超车过程中，3辆车周围均出现强烈的压强和空气流速变化，当主超车在两车之间时，流场变化更为复杂。随着车辆相对位置的变化，3辆车周围的涡形态发生明显变化，涡的变化消耗流场中的能量，使车身受力发生变化。行驶过程中，3辆车的侧向力、风压中心位置和横摆力矩均发生明显变化。绝对速度增加，主超车与被超车的最大侧向力均呈线性增长，给车辆行驶稳定性带来负面影响。     

Required test durations for converged short-term wave and impact extreme value statistics–Part 2: Deck box dataset

In the assessment of wave-in-deck loads for new and existing maritime structures typically model tests are carried out. To determine the most critical conditions and measure sufficient impact loads, a range of sea states and various seeds (realisations) for each sea state are tested. Based on these measurements, probability distributions can be derived and design loads determined. In air gap model testing usually only few, if any, impact loads occur per 3-hour seed. This can make it challenging to derive reliable probability distributions of the measured loads, especially when only a few seeds are generated. In addition wave impact forces, such as greenwater loading, slamming, or air gap impacts are typically strongly non-linear, resulting in a large variability of the measured loads. This results in the following questions: How many impacts are needed to derive a reliable distribution? How is the repeatability of individual events affecting the overall distribution? To answer these questions wave-in-deck model tests were carried out in 100 x 3-hour realisations of a 10,000 year North Sea sea state. The resulting probability distributions of the undisturbed wave measurements as well as the measured wave-in-deck loads are presented in this paper with focus on deriving the number of seeds and exposure durations required for a reliable estimate of design loads.The presented study is Part 2 of a combined study on guidance for the convergence and variability of wave crests and impact loading extreme values. The data set of Part 1 ([1]) is based on greenwater loads on a sailing ferry and the data set of Part 2 on wave-in-deck loads on a stationary deck box.     

车路协同网络中服务功能链可行时长优化映射算法

以车路协同网络为研究对象，针对物理链路间连通时长的差异性，本文提出优化可行时长的服务功能链映射算法。首先，建立车路协同的物理传输网络模型，并分别分析车车链路和车路链路的连通时长；其次，以映射可行时长为优化目标，以服务功能链的映射规则为约束，建立整数规划问题；最后，为求解该NP-hard问题，提出基于改进子图同构的映射算法，联合考虑车路协同环境中的节点属性、链路属性及链路间关联关系，设计剪枝策略，从而实现服务链路在物理链路上的组合优化映射。实验结果表明，通过考虑物理链路连通时长的差异性，并对其进行优化选择，提出算法在车间通信距离150m和最大车速60km·h-1 条件下，可将可行时长提升34.4%；同时，在车车通信范围、车辆数以及最大车辆速度这3项主要参数设置中均可验证发现，所提算法可有效提升映射可行时长。