超大型油船新型防泥沙设计

压载舱中的泥沙不仅会对船舶双层底产生额外载荷,还会加速底部构件腐蚀,妨碍检查,而清除淤泥一直是令船东和船员们头痛的难题。文章主要介绍应用于超大型油船VLCC的4种新型防泥沙设计概念,并分析这些设计对船舶设计、审核和建造的影响,重点关注了防泥沙设计中涉及的船体梁设计载荷和局部强度。     

基于交错并联的Ⅱ型五电平逆变器电路的仿真研究

研究了一种基于交错并联的Ⅱ型五电平逆变器电路。该拓扑是双BUCK电路的一种变形,可以视为双BUCK拓扑和交错并联技术结合的产物。这种拓扑减少了开关器件,降低了系统复杂度,而且提高了输出频率,大幅度减小了用于滤波的无源器件的体积。介绍了该拓扑存在的7种状态和4种模态。介绍了Ⅱ型五电平的单向仿真,详细阐述了其正弦脉宽调制.仿真结果符合之前的理论研究,说明该拓扑在大功率变换场合有其前景。     

基于局部线性化方法的瘫船稳性敏感性分析及衡准完善

  目的  瘫船稳性是当船舶失去动力后,在横风横浪状态下发生共振横摇甚至倾覆的运动模式,是公认的较危险的稳性失效模式。国际海事组织（IMO）船舶设计与建造分委会（SDC）预计将于2019年完成第2代完整稳性衡准规则定稿,目前亟需大量的样船计算以完善规则。  方法  基于局部线性化方法,对3艘集装箱船进行了瘫船稳性第2层衡准校核计算,并分析了瘫船稳性敏感性与船舶各设计参数的关系。  结果  分析结果表明,随着船舶吃水深度的增大,船舶倾覆概率将先增大后减小,并对第2层衡准的标准值选取及衡准完善提出了建议。  结论  可为瘫船稳性衡准研究提供技术支持。     

铁路增二线台后路基防护技术比较

在铁路增建二线方案拟定中,线间距的大小对全线的投资、占地产生重大影响。而线间距的确定主要由新桥基础开挖后是否能保证既有桥台后路基的稳定来决定。因此,在保证桥台后路基稳定的前提下,采用安全、合理的防护技术措施,来减少线间距,便显得尤为重要。以同煤线旧高山大桥台后路防护为例,分析既有线台后路基防护数种方法的技术经济性,旨在为其他类似项目提供借鉴。     

对城市轨道交通既有线技术改造的思考

从建立改造评价体系、加强改造工程技术风险研究、改造工程对新线建设的启示3个方面,对城市轨道交通既有线技术改造进行阐述,提出既有线改造技术的发展方向.改造评价体系主要包括前期规划、风险控制、改造指标考核,改造方案要有系统性、完整性,并做好工程筹划.改造工程对新线建设的启示有:提高隧道联络通道的设置密度,在墙、板、梁等部位适当预留孔洞,为未来新增管线创造条件;合理控制车站规模;适当考虑设计标准的前瞻性;车站设计为端头厅有利于节能.     

三维地形可视化技术在铁路电力设计中的应用

三维地形可视化技术一直是地理信息系统、数字摄影测量、虚拟现实等领域的研究热点.铁路电力线路设计过程中,通过三维地形可视化技术,可以使设计人员对地形有较直观的认识,提高贯通线路设计的效率和质量.根据数字高程模型(DEM)数据,利用VC++6.0和OpenGL作为平台,重点讨论建立地形三维可视化系统的关键技术和实现过程.     

基于遗传-模拟退火算法的城市轨道交通快慢车停站方案

对规划新建的城市轨道交通,可通过合理地制定快慢车停站方案,来提高其服务水平,降低企业运营成本,实现城市轨道交通系统运营效益最大化。在详细分析乘客旅行时间及企业运营成本构成的基础上,考虑乘客在快慢车之间的选择行为,以停站方案及快慢车发车频率为决策变量,以乘客旅行时间最短和企业运营成本最小为目标,建立了城市轨道交通快慢车组合方案优化多目标整体规划模型,并设计结合模糊优化思想的遗传-模拟退火(GA-SA)算法求解。算例分析结果表明:开行快慢车后,乘客总旅行时间可节约8.7%,企业运营成本可降低5.9%。     

改善209000吨Newcastlemax散货船总纵强度的探究

通过对209,000吨Newcastlemax散货船货舱纵向划分、下墩用途及压载舱舱容的调整,探讨了各种措施下该船型总纵弯矩的变化情况,以此来改善其总纵强度,为优化船体结构、降低空船重量提供了有利条件。     

Examining stakeholder participation and conflicts associated with large scale infrastructure projects: the case of Tema port expansion project,Ghana

ABSTRACT

Balancing economic activities with socio-environmental considerations has become a global standard for the construction of large scale infrastructure projects, including ports. In this discourse, stakeholder participation and environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) have been stressed as important tools that can help port managers to co-create values, avoid conflicts and promote inclusive growth. Drawing on qualitative research tools and stakeholder theory, this paper explores whether and to what extent local stakeholders’ inclusion has substantial influence on addressing their socio-cultural concerns and interest. This is illustrated with a case study of an ongoing port expansion project at Ghana’s largest port of Tema. The findings suggest that although the port authority conducted an ESIA and engaged local stakeholders as part of the planning process, this did not translate into preventing the loss of valuable cultural resources of the local communities. The port authority did not place ‘value’ on cultural resources of the local communities that cannot be expressed in monetary terms. Further, lack of good faith engagement with local stakeholders led to conflicts in some cases that triggered a court action and delays. The paper concludes that stakeholder participation if not applied well, can become a ‘post-political’ tool.     

Local Level Fisheries Management in Diani-Chale,Kenya: Current Status and Future Directions

The current regime of fisheries management and the prospects for attaining a more locally oriented, collaborative system of fisheries management in Diani-Chale, Kenya are examined. At present fisheries management in Diani-Chale is characterized by diminished government capacity for regulation, weakened local institutions, and little ability to exert control over the use of fisheries. Local level management requires the development and use of local institutions that can govern the use of fishery resources. The fish landing sites used by fishers and their associated fishing grounds were identified to be at the appropriate level for resolving fishery management issues. A more formal role for these entities, the clarification of fishing ground tenure and access rights, and support for the development and enforcement of local fishing rules can further local management. The socioeconomic condition of fishers, their fear of losing landing sites, and the continued perception of the imposition of a marine reserve pose barriers to initiatives seeking to further local level management.