Integrated sequencing and merging aircraft to parallel runways with automated conflict resolution and advanced avionics capabilities

Congestion in Terminal Maneuvering Area (TMA) in hub airports is the main problem in Chinese air transportation. In this paper we propose a new system to integrated sequence and merge aircraft to parallel runways at Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA). This system is based on the advanced avionics capabilities. Our methodology integrates a Multi-Level Point Merge (ML-PM) system, an economical descent approaches procedure, and a tailored heuristic algorithm to find a good, systematic, operationally-acceptable solution. First, Receding Horizontal Control (RHC) technique is applied to divide the entire 24 h of traffic into several sub-problems. Then in each sub-problem, it is optimized on given objectives (conflict, deviation from Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) on the runway and makespan of the arrival flow). Four decision variables are designed to control the trajectory: the entry time, the entry speed, the turning time on the sequencing leg, and the landing runway allocation. Based on these variables, the real time trajectories are generated by the simulation module. Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm is used to search the best solution for aircraft to execute. Finally, the conflict-free, least-delay, and user-preferred trajectories from the entry point of TMA to the landing runway are defined. Numerical results show that our optimization system has very stable de-conflict performance to handle continuously dense arrivals in transition airspace. It can also provide the decision support to assist flow controllers to handle the asymmetric arrival flows on different runways with less fuel consumption, and to assist tactical controllers to easily re-sequence aircraft with more relaxed position shifting. Moreover, our system can provide the fuel consumption prediction, and runway assignment information to assist airport and airlines managers for optimal decision making. Theoretically, it realizes an automated, cooperative and green control of routine arrival flows. Although the methodology defined here is applied to the airport BCIA, it could also be applied to other airports in the world.     

高速铁路并站路基设计方案探讨

高速铁路尤其是无砟轨道对路基工后沉降要求十分严格,邻近既有高速铁路进行工程建设活动(如开挖、填筑及地基处理)会对既有高铁产生新的沉降变形。如何避免这些影响,值得进行深入研究,并提出相应的工程措施。目前,并行既有高铁新建路基一般采用填筑轻质土+桩板(筏)复合地基处理等措施。新建郑济客专并行既有京广客专新乡东站时,根据具体情况,结合有限元计算,考虑施工干扰及投资等因素,研究提出具有一定创新性的"加筋陡坡+桩筏结构"和"框架结构"方案,可供类似工程借鉴。     

Development of a finite element modeling system for ship structures

In ship structural design, many structural analyses by the finite element method are carried out on models at several different scale levels; for example, a whole ship, cargo hold parts, and detailed structures. However, one serious problem with this design and analysis process is that the generation of the finite element models for a complex configuration is very difficult and laborious. To overcome this problem, an object oriented, finite element modeling system, MODIFY, has been developed by the authors. In this paper, the concept of the finite element modeling system and the techniques for the construction of the system are explained. First, the object oriented data structure of the system, based on the Part-Object concept, is proposed. In this concept, not only the geometry of the domain but also the analytical conditions, such as boundary conditions and material properties, and the finite element model, are represented by the object oriented data structure. By using this data structure, effective finite element model generation can be expected. Second, a mesh generation algorithm based on the frontal method is described. The original frontal method by S.H. Lo was improved for application to three-dimensional curved surfaces. A new inner node placement technique to make quadrilateral elements around stress concentrated areas is also proposed. These techniques are suitable for ship structures, and more accurate results from the finite element analysis can be expected. Moreover, the parallel mesh generation is implemented in MODIFY by using the client-server concept to accelerate mesh generation. Third, a prototype system for the automatic finite element model generation for different analysis levels is proposed. The system is based on the concept of the PD part, which is the part in the design and production stage, and automatic computing of the intersection between PD parts. The validity of this system is demonstrated by some examples.     

基于并行工程的舰炮研制新思路

针对我国舰炮装备研制周期紧的现状，提出了基于并行工程的舰炮研制新思路。介绍了并行工程的概念、技术基础和国内外应用概况，分析了我国舰炮研制开展并行工程的可行性，提出了在舰炮研制中实施并行工程的方法。     

预处理迭代的性质及其应用

区域分裂并行计算的效率主要归结为解决并行过程中子区域间的信息传递问题．预处理方法是一种改善信息传递的重要手段．文中讨论了预处理迭代的一些性质，提出构造较优预处理的一类方法．在构造预处理的过程中运用参数来讨论条件数的改善情况，还对参数范围作了讨论。     

一种频繁项集并行挖掘算法

频繁项集在数据挖掘领域中起着重要作用。本文提出一种基于FP growth 的并行挖掘频繁项集算法PFP growth(ParallelFP growth)。新算法避免了以前基于Apriori的并行算法反复扫描数据库,产生候选集以及处理机间通信量大的缺点。PFP growth算法将挖掘任务均匀地分布在并行处理机上,在挖掘过程中采用一定划分策略以获得处理机间的任务平衡,并采用适当的数据结构减少并行处理机间数据通信量。在国家高性能计算机上的仿真实验证明,本算法是一种有效的并行算法。     

Analysing queueing at toll plazas using a coupled,multiple-queue,queueing system model: application to toll plaza design

A vehicle approaching a toll plaza observes the queues at each of the available toll-lanes before choosing which to join. This choice process, the arrival process of vehicles and the service characteristics of the toll-booths, affect the queues and delay the drivers. In this paper, queueing at a toll plaza is modelled as a multiple-queue queueing system where the arrival process to a queue (toll-lane) is dependent on the state of all the queues. In the past, such systems have been modelled mathematically only for two queues and are not applicable for toll plazas with three or more toll-lanes. The proposed model determines the steady-state probability density function (pdf) for the queues at large toll plazas. This study is used to determine the number of toll-lanes or the length of the upstream queueing area required to achieve certain user-specified levels-of-service. Expected delay and maximum queue length are used as level-of-service measures. Indicative design charts are also provided.     

基于模糊控制理论并联混合动力城市客车控制策略研究

简单介绍模糊控制理论及其特点,并以汽车请求转矩与发动机当前转速下转矩的差值和电池SOC值为输入、发动机期望转矩为输出设计某并联混合动力城市客车的模糊控制策略,分别采用电机辅助式控制策略和所设计的模糊控制策略进行仿真,比较两种控制策略的效果。     

大岩洞大桥平转施工工艺设计

该文介绍了大岩洞大桥平转施工工艺设计,对转动体系进行了静力计算,根据计算结果,对转体施工提出了控制指标和指导性意见。