高寒高海拔隧道保温层敷设方式及设计参数优化

为了深入探究高寒隧道保温层敷设方式及其设计参数优化的问题，以高寒高海拔特长珠角拉山隧道工程为背景，通过数值模拟重点研究了保温层敷设方式、设计厚度及导热系数参数的选择，并讨论了当地气温变化与保温层设计参数的关系。研究结果表明：在寒区隧道保温层设防区段，贴壁式敷设方式最佳；随着保温层厚度的增加，洞内冷空气影响范围逐渐减小，调热圈径深随保温层厚度变化的趋势用公式表达为f（x_h）=3.039e^{-0.280 9x_h}+13.8e^{-0.009 322x_h}；基于调热圈径深随保温层厚度增加的变化速率曲线及隧道结构安全，建议保温层厚度设计为5~10 cm；随着保温材料导热系数的增大，洞内冷空气影响范围逐渐增大，调热圈径深与导热系数关系趋势用公式表达为f（x_λ）=15.47e^{0.287 4x_λ}-3.829e^-39.05x_λ；基于调热圈径深随导热系数变化速率曲线及隧道结构安全，建议保温材料导热系数取0.020~0.035 W·（m·K）^-1；在假定保温层厚度为5 cm，导热系数为0.022 2 W·（m·K）^-1，通风时间4个月的情况下，只有当洞内气温大于-15℃时才能保证支护结构和围岩不受冻害影响。研究成果可为川藏铁路建设提供指导作用。     

材料参数对高速铁路连续梁桥地震易损性分析的影响研究

中等跨径的预应力混凝土连续梁广泛应用于高速铁路,以往震害及实验都表明该类桥型在地震下的破坏集中在桥墩和支座位置。为了研究材料参数对高速铁路连续梁桥地震易损性的影响,采用IDA方法,利用有限元软件Open Sees建立地震易损性分析模型。定义4种破坏极限状态,基于对数正太分布假设绘制各个破坏状态对应的易损性曲线。通过更改材料参数得到新的计算模型,并通过对比易损性计算结果来评价材料参数对桥梁抗震性能的影响。结果表明,高速铁路连续梁桥桥墩配箍率较低,提高桥墩混凝土强度等级对桥梁抗震性能改善较大。     

出口泰国米轨集装箱平车的研制

介绍了出口泰国米轨集装箱平车的主要技术参数、车辆结构和试验情况。     

Inverse identification of wheel–rail contact forces based on observation of wheel disc strains: an evaluation of three numerical algorithms

In this paper, three numerical algorithms for the identification of wheel–rail contact forces based on measured wheel disc strains on an instrumented railway wheelset are discussed and compared. The three algorithms include one approach resting on static calibration, one that is applying a Kalman filter and the third is exploiting an inverse identification scheme. To demonstrate and evaluate the alternative methods, two load cases including periodic excitation by sinusoidal wheel–rail irregularities and transient excitation by an insulated rail joint are considered. Based on a previously presented vehicle–track interaction model in the time domain, load scenarios are defined by taking the calculated vertical wheel–rail contact forces as the reference force to be re-identified by the proposed algorithms. The reference contact forces are applied on a finite element model of the wheel to generate synthetic observation data, that is, radial strains at the positions of the strain gauges, serving as input to the identification procedures. It is concluded that the inverse identification scheme leads to superior accuracy at higher computational cost. If on-line implementation and evaluation is required, the Kalman filter generates better accuracy than the static calibration approach.     

禹登高速公路槐树坪隧道岩体质量评价研究

为选择合理的开挖、支护方式,对禹登高速公路槐树坪隧道进行岩体质量评价。在阐述该隧道工程地质条件的基础上,先后用BQ分级法、RMR分级法和Q分级法对岩体参数进行评分及岩体级别确定。通过岩体声波测试和岩石力学试验,基于Hoek-Brown准则从而预测岩体的力学参数,为岩石工程设计和施工提供了依据。     

公路防撞护栏清洗车的水路设计

水路的设计及各项技术参数的选择对公路防撞护栏清洗车完成各项特定工况具有十分重要的意义，从工程实践的角度对其如何实施提出了意见和看法。     

沉管结构预制阶段裂缝控制参数影响分析

混凝土沉管隧道在越江和跨海工程中得到了较广的应用,预制方法从传统的干坞法预制发展为工厂法预制。沉管隧道的混凝土管节在工厂化预制阶段容易因温度梯度、收缩以及约束等原因出现危害性裂缝,影响沉管结构的正常使用和长期耐久性。采用数值仿真和试验研究相结合的方法,基于水化度方法建立了混凝土材料模型,综合考虑混凝土温度变形、自收缩和徐变等时变体积变形以及热-力学边界条件;针对沉管工厂化预制的各个阶段,对配合比、入模温度、养护环境温度、模板、拆模时间、养护时间以及保温养护措施等参数进行了对比分析;在温度场和应力场计算结果基础上,以开裂风险指数为主要判断依据,得到了沉管在预制过程中裂缝控制的关键影响因素。研究结果表明:工厂化预制沉管隧道混凝土管节的入模温度和养护温度是沉管结构预制各阶段的关键裂缝控制影响因素,两者之间的关系对沉管结构的裂缝控制有直接影响,入模温度较高时,可以通过提高养护温度来保证沉管开裂风险指数大于1.4。在冬季时,养护温度的提高使沉管有较好的保温效果,进而降低内外温差和开裂风险;但在夏季还需注意控制其内部最高温度。最后开展足尺节段温控试验,提出入模温度和养护温度的控制措施,并通过温度监测得到较高环境温度下的温度控制指标,以指导工厂化混凝土沉管预制阶段裂缝控制。     

激光切割在机车钢结构件制造中的应用

文章初步探讨激光切割在机车钢结构件制造中的应用,并根据实践对影响碳钢板材切割质量的因素进行分析,给出了一套控制加工质量的工艺参数。     

On the scattering of test data and the significance of the standard coefficients ‘dynamic stiffness’ and ‘loss angle’ for hydraulic engine mounts

Based on the test results, a study on the scattering of the standard coefficients c _dyn and δ within the test cycles on a standard testing machine as well as within the samples of a batch of hydraulic engine mounts is performed; furthermore, an estimate for the systematic error caused by the testing machine is given. By a simulated example, the pronounced sensitivity of the response of the engine to the scattering of c _dyn and δ as well as to even small deviations of the hysteresis curves for otherwise identical values of the standard coefficients is demonstrated. As a main result, it is found that the most important source of uncertainty is scattering within the batch, which, in conjunction with the observed sensitivity of the response of the engine, raises the question for the meaningful level of sophistication of a model for predictive purposes.     

青藏铁路救援工具车

介绍了青藏铁路救援工具车的平面布置、技术参数和主要结构特点。