X4K型集装箱专用平车的研制

介绍了X4K型集装箱专用平车的研制概况、主要技术参数、结构及试验情况。     

两个气泡相互作用的某些动力特性研究

文章采用边界积分方法模拟三维水下气泡的动力特性,详细阐述气泡计算的数学模型和数值实施过程,探究了三种不同浮力参数情况下(无重力、弱浮力、强浮力)气泡的演变情况。计算结果表明,在不同的浮力参数下,气泡形状和射流特点有着显著的区别,射流形成和发展与重力有着密切的联系。文中计算了两气泡在不同距离和不同强度参数下的相互作用的特点,为气泡动力特性的研究提供了参考。     

A review of the effect of a/ W ratio on fracture toughness （Ⅲ） ——theoretical analysis

In part I and II of this series, experimental investigation in both EPFM and LEFM had been discussed. In this part, further theoretical analysis is given. The theoretical development of Two Parameter Fracture Mechanics by Hancock etc, has rationalized our experimental results. This method can be applied to engineering practice, and will allow the advantage of enhanced toughness for specimens with low levels of constraint to be taken into account for defect assessment.     

船体外板加工成型自动检测方法研究

应用水火弯板智能机器人测量加工后的钢板表面数据,采用Ferguson曲面模拟钢板曲面;借助参数样条曲线、空间坐标转换及误差分析理论,分别对加工后的钢板横向和纵向成型,及扭曲进行计算,以判别船体曲面外板成型状态,并提供未成型钢板二次加工所需的补火位置及补火量等信息.算例表明,该方法可对加工后的钢板成型情况作出符合工程要求的判别.     

On the scattering of test data and the significance of the standard coefficients ‘dynamic stiffness’ and ‘loss angle’ for hydraulic engine mounts

Based on the test results, a study on the scattering of the standard coefficients c _dyn and δ within the test cycles on a standard testing machine as well as within the samples of a batch of hydraulic engine mounts is performed; furthermore, an estimate for the systematic error caused by the testing machine is given. By a simulated example, the pronounced sensitivity of the response of the engine to the scattering of c _dyn and δ as well as to even small deviations of the hysteresis curves for otherwise identical values of the standard coefficients is demonstrated. As a main result, it is found that the most important source of uncertainty is scattering within the batch, which, in conjunction with the observed sensitivity of the response of the engine, raises the question for the meaningful level of sophistication of a model for predictive purposes.     

Design of robust-stable and quadratic finite-horizon optimal controllers with low trajectory sensitivity for uncertain active suspension systems

This paper presents a design method for designing the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of uncertain active suspension systems. The method integrates a robust stabilisability condition, the orthogonal functions approach (OFA) and the hybrid Taguchi-genetic algorithm (HTGA). Using the integrative computational method, a robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller with low-trajectory sensitivity can be obtained such that (i) the active suspension system with elemental parametric uncertainties is stabilised and (ii) a quadratic-finite-horizon-integral performance index including a quadratic trajectory sensitivity term for the nominal active suspension system is minimised. The robust stabilisability condition is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the OFA, an algebraic algorithm only involving the algebraic computation is derived for solving the nominal active suspension feedback dynamic equations. By using the OFA and the LMI-based robust stabilisability condition, the dynamic optimisation problem for the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller design of the linear uncertain active suspension system is transformed into a static-constrained-optimisation problem represented by the algebraic equations with constraint of LMI-based robust stabilisability condition; thus greatly simplifies the design problem. Then, for the static-constrained-optimisation problem, the HTGA is employed to find the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of the linear uncertain active suspension systems. A design example is given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed integrative computational approach.     

Inverse identification of wheel–rail contact forces based on observation of wheel disc strains: an evaluation of three numerical algorithms

In this paper, three numerical algorithms for the identification of wheel–rail contact forces based on measured wheel disc strains on an instrumented railway wheelset are discussed and compared. The three algorithms include one approach resting on static calibration, one that is applying a Kalman filter and the third is exploiting an inverse identification scheme. To demonstrate and evaluate the alternative methods, two load cases including periodic excitation by sinusoidal wheel–rail irregularities and transient excitation by an insulated rail joint are considered. Based on a previously presented vehicle–track interaction model in the time domain, load scenarios are defined by taking the calculated vertical wheel–rail contact forces as the reference force to be re-identified by the proposed algorithms. The reference contact forces are applied on a finite element model of the wheel to generate synthetic observation data, that is, radial strains at the positions of the strain gauges, serving as input to the identification procedures. It is concluded that the inverse identification scheme leads to superior accuracy at higher computational cost. If on-line implementation and evaluation is required, the Kalman filter generates better accuracy than the static calibration approach.     

Identification of dynamic parameters in low-mobility mechanical systems: application to short long arm vehicle suspension

The identification of dynamic parameters in low-mobility mechanical systems is addressed and applied to short long arm (SLA) front car suspension. The main goal of the identification technique is to obtain, from experimental measurements, the values of those dynamic parameters (masses, location of the centre of masses, terms of the inertial matrix of the links, constant friction terms and elastic and viscous damping constant terms) that affect the dynamic behaviour of the system. Moreover, additional but important information that could be obtained from the procedure is related to the weight of those terms inside the dynamics of the system, so that simplified dynamic models based on relevant and well-identified parameters can be established. First, a systematic procedure will be presented for obtaining the equations of motion in a linear form with regard to the dynamic parameters to be identified. The main drawbacks related to the identification of parameters in low-mobility mechanisms will be pointed out, mainly the difficulty of determining a natural cutoff point into the singular values of the observation matrix which allows us to determine the true dimension of the set of base parameters and of obtaining an observation matrix well conditioned from the numerical point of view that allows an identification in the presence of measurement error. The procedure proposed for overcoming these problems will be based on the development of symbolic relationships among the physical parameters in order to determine the true rank of the observation matrix and on the consideration of a reduced subset of the base parameters set. These relevant parameters will be selected according to their influence on the dynamic behaviour of the mechanical system. A virtual benchmark will be used for testing purposes. The dynamic models based on relevant parameters show a better adjustment than the complete ones, mainly when the level of noise in the measurements used in the identification process increases.     

预应力组合箱梁抗弯承载能力影响参数分析

为对预应力组合箱梁的设计提供参考,利用简化塑性理论对完全剪力连接的预应力组合梁的抗弯承载力影响参数(混凝土和钢梁强度、预应力筋初始张拉力、预应力筋布筋形式、转向块数量)进行分析。分析结果表明:在截面尺寸受限制时,提高钢梁强度能够有效提高预应力组合梁的抗弯承载力;增加预应力筋的数量可较明显地提高梁体的抗弯承载力;预应力筋采用折线布筋形式时,可提高预应力初始张拉值,以提高预应力组合梁的弹性承载力;转向块布置数量越多,预应力增量越大,二次效应影响越小,预应力组合梁抗弯承载力越高。     

高墩大跨连续刚构桥施工控制参数敏感性分析

为研究高墩大跨连续刚构桥施工控制参数的敏感性,以贵州乌江特大桥为例,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立该桥三维有限元模型,计算施工监控过程中各主要参数的取值对结构线形和内力的影响.计算分析结果表明,混凝土节段重量、收缩徐变、温度荷载等参数对该桥施工控制精度有显著影响,混凝土弹性模量参数的影响比较明显,预应力参数敏感程度相对较低.在施工控制过程中,应及时收集节段混凝土容重、弹性模量等参数,根据实际施工时间历程考虑收缩徐变效应的影响,并对计算模型加以修正;在设置预拱度和监测数据测量时,要充分考虑到温度对桥梁的线形及应力的影响.