A review of the effect of a/ W ratio on fracture toughness （Ⅲ） ——theoretical analysis

In part I and II of this series, experimental investigation in both EPFM and LEFM had been discussed. In this part, further theoretical analysis is given. The theoretical development of Two Parameter Fracture Mechanics by Hancock etc, has rationalized our experimental results. This method can be applied to engineering practice, and will allow the advantage of enhanced toughness for specimens with low levels of constraint to be taken into account for defect assessment.     

宜万铁路宜昌长江大桥主桥结构敏感性分析

宜万铁路宜昌长江大桥主桥采用(130 2×275 130)m预应力混凝土连续刚构与钢管混凝土柔性拱组合桥式结构,结构受力复杂。分别通过对结构不同部位的刚度变化组合、考虑收缩徐变系数变异性以及模拟不同的下部结构抗推刚度,分析比较了结构的受力状态。     

袋装砂井处理软土地基中砂井间距计算方法探讨

基于砂井地基固结理论的基础，建立了关于袋装砂井地基的3个非理想因素的非理想综合参数，利用解析方法，提出了用图表法来计算袋装砂井的间距值，制出了理想井与非理想井井径比用表。并用此方法对广东西部沿海高速公路新会段软基处理段的袋装砂井间距进行了计算，得出了既经济又合理的间距值。     

基于双有机朗肯循环的 CNG 发动机余热回收系统参数优化及工质选择

为了充分利用 CNG 发动机的余热能量,根据 CNG 发动机的余热能分布特性设计了双有机朗肯循环系统,用来回收 CNG 发动机的排气能量、进气中冷能量以及冷却系统具有的能量。该双有机朗肯循环系统包括高温循环和低温循环,高温循环采用 R245fa 作为工质,用于回收 CNG 发动机排气能量;低温循环分别采用 R245fa , R1234ze 和 R1234yf 作为工质,用于回收进气中冷能量、高温循环冷凝过程中释放的能量以及发动机冷却系统的能量。在 CNG 发动机标定工况下,对双有机朗肯循环系统的参数敏感度进行了分析。结果表明：较高的高温循环蒸发压力和低温循环蒸发温度,较低的高温循环冷凝温度和低温循环冷凝温度可以提升双 ORC 系统的净输出功率和热效率;高、低温循环均选择 R245fa 的方案可以使系统具有较优的热力学性能。     

出行距离分布模型及参数研究

为研究城市交通规划中出行距离的分布特征,在一定假设条件下,运用概率统计理论推导出行距离的概率分布函数形式,用10座城市的居民出行资料对其进行拟合,验证了该假设条件的合理性,分析了函数参数的相关影响因素,如城市规模、城市形状和交通结构等,对其进行量化与非线性回归,得到出行距离的概率分布函数的一般形式,最后,就不同规模城市分析了分布函数参数的取值范围。研究结果表明:出行距离的分布符合瑞利分布,特大城市和大中城市分布函数参数的取值范围分别为0.035～0.076和0.042～0.100。     

沥青混合料静态蠕变劲度模量与动稳定度的关系

用轮辙试验的动稳定度(以下简称DS)指标反映沥青路面的高温车辙行为具有较好的一致性,但不能作为计算参数用于沥青路面结构设计。通过研究不同沥青混合料的DS和静态蠕变劲度模量的响应,试图将DS指标与静态蠕变劲度模量建立联系用作为沥青路面结构设计参数。选择了AC13和AC25两种级配、60#/70#基质沥青和5%SBS改性沥青两种结合料、花岗岩和石灰岩两种集料,分别进行了车辙试验和静态蠕变试验,其中车辙分别采用5 cm和7 cm厚度试件。结果表明,对同类型级配、结合料、集料和同一车辙厚度的沥青混合料,其DS和静态蠕变劲度模量有良好的相关性,相关系数R2高达0.9以上。但综合考虑级配、结合料、集料和结构厚度等因素后,DS与静态蠕变劲度模量的线性相关性并不理想,其相关系数R2只达到0.591 2。因此,试图将DS转换为静态蠕变劲度模量用作为沥青路面结构设计参数的可行性有待进一步研究。     

平方阻尼非线性系统的抗冲击性能优化研究

运用微分方程理论和不等式理论,对平方阻尼非线性系统的抗冲击性能进行了理论研究,推导了抗冲击性能指标J1和J2之间的关系,获得了系统达到最优抗冲击性能的条件,导出了最优参数的解析表达式.     

Vehicle sharing system with fleet sizing and multi-transportation modes under allowable shortages: a hybrid metaheuristic approach

In this paper, a vehicle sharing system with multi-transportation modes and allowable shortage is presented. This model aims to minimize the system's total cost by using optimum locations and number of stations, routes, transportation modes, station capacities for different modes and time between stations balancing. Because of the model's complexity, currently available proprietary software is not able to solve the model in a reasonable computational time, so a hybrid algorithm based on a genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization is presented. The results confirm its efficiency compared with the classic GA and exact solution methods. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis shows the applicability of the proposed algorithm.     

Gender differences in travel behaviour and willingness to adopt sustainable behaviour

This paper presents pioneering research on gender differences in travel behaviour in southeastern Europe. The study analyses the socio-economic and main travel characteristics (particularly parking) of men and women. Additionally, it examines the influence of parking demand management measures on their behaviour, in terms of the willingness of men and women to reduce car use and to adopt more sustainable behaviour. The results reveal significant differences between genders in most of the characteristics examined. Moreover, it is shown that women are less car dependent and more sensitive to parking pricing and, therefore, more willing to replace a car journey with public transport. These findings suggest that gender should be an essential parameter when user behaviour is examined and modelled. Furthermore, the results indicate that gender differences must be considered when transport policy is created to affect the behaviour of men and women equally. The achievement of social equality is one of the primary objectives of sustainable development.     

CLY5040XYT型医疗体检车设计

介绍医疗体检车的总体布置、结构特点和技术参数,车内电器工作路线,以及开发CLY 5040 XYT型医疗体检车的意义。