一种螺旋桨参数化建模方法

对螺旋桨进行优化时,需要建立起优化计算的样本空间,即要实现初始桨的参数化建模。本文基于贝塞尔曲线拟合原理编程实现了螺旋桨的参数化建模,对螺旋桨的径向参数分布分别用一条贝塞尔曲线进行拟合,曲线的控制点通过遗传算法寻优求得。文中以4382桨为例,对其进行参数化建模,讨论了三、四、五、六阶贝塞尔曲线的拟合效果,发现三阶贝塞尔曲线拟合光顺性最好、拟合平均误差可以控制在0.3%以内,而且控制点个数较少,最适合拟合螺旋桨径向参数分布。最后通过调整三次贝塞尔曲线控制点的位置调整了原桨叶的几何形状,得到光顺性较好的新桨叶模型,表明该参数化建模方法合理。     

汽车企业的技术人力资源战略

分析汽车企业中技术人力资源流失的原因,浅谈人才战略选择。     

The effect of attitudes toward cars and public transportation on behavioral intention in commuting mode choice—A comparison across six Asian countries

This study investigated the contribution of psychological factors in explaining the choice of transportation mode in six Asian countries. Data were collected from 1118 respondents in Japan, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The dependent variable was the intention to use one of three modes for work travel after getting a job: car, public transit, or other modes. The explanatory variables were three attitude factors taken from a previous study, including: 1/symbolic affective, reflecting affective motives of travel mode use; 2/instrumental, referring to functional attributes of travel modes; and 3/social orderliness which represents for environmental friendliness, safety, altruism, quietness et cetera. Several logit model estimates were made using the samples from the six countries separately and together. We obtained three main findings. First, attitude variables about the car were all significant determinants for the entire sample from Asian countries. Second, the social orderliness aspect of public transit was a common concern of respondents from developing countries in selecting this mode for work trips. Third, in countries in which the intent to use a car was not very high, attitude factors about the car were found to be significant determinants of the behavioral intention to commute by car but were less significant in countries in which the desire to use a car was high.     

Modelling parking choices considering user heterogeneity

We examine car driver’s behaviour when choosing a parking place; the alternatives available are free on-street parking, paid on-street parking and parking in an underground multi-storey car park. A mixed logit model, allowing for correlation between random taste parameters and estimated using stated choice data, is used to infer values of time, both when looking for a parking space and for accessing the final destination. Apart from the cost of parking, we found that vehicle age was a key variable when choosing where to park in Spain. We also found that the perception of the parking charge was fairly heterogeneous, depending both on the drivers’ income levels and whether or not they were local residents. Our results can be generalised for personalised policy making related with parking demand management.     

Will a driving restriction policy reduce car trips?—The case study of Beijing,China

A driving restriction policy, as one of the control-and-command rationing measures, is a politically acceptable policy tool to address traffic congestion and air pollution in some countries and cities in the world. Beijing is the first city in China to implement this policy. A one-day-a-week driving restriction scheme was expected to take 20% of cars off the road every week day. Using household survey and travel diary data, we analyze the short-term effect of this driving restriction policy on individual travel mode choice. The data also allow us to identify which demographic groups are more likely to break the restriction rule. The estimates reveal that the restriction policy in Beijing does not have significant influence on individuals’ decisions to drive, as compared with the policy’s influence on public transit. The rule-breaking behavior is constant and pervasive. We found that 47.8% of the regulated car owners didn’t follow the restriction rules, and drove “illegally” to their destination places. On average, car owners who traveled during peak hours and/or for work trips, and whose destinations were farther away from the city center or subway stations, were more likely to break the driving restriction rules. Therefore, Beijing is probably in need of more comprehensive and palatable policy instruments (e.g., a combination of congestion tolls, parking fees, fuel taxes, and high-speed transit facilities) to effectively alleviate traffic congestion and air pollution.     

浅谈公路环评解译工作中遥感影像的选择

对目前公路环评解译工作中常用的TM、SPOT5、QUICK BIRD等影像在分辨率、波谱特征和经济性等方面进行了对比,得知TM影像在分辨率、波谱特性、价格方面均满足公路环评工作的需要,是适合公路环评工作的卫星影像。并以神池至河曲高速公路所在地区的TM影像为例,运用Chavezetal提出的最佳指数法得到了该区域解译的最优波段组合。     

Port privatization under Cournot vs. Bertrand competition: a third-market approach

By incorporating port competition into a third-market model consisting of two exporting firms and one importing country, we demonstrate the endogenous choice of port structures (i.e. privatization or public ownership) under either Bertrand or Cournot competition. In contrast to previous studies on port competition, we analyze the port strategy in view of all trading countries (i.e. importing country and exporting countries). We find that regardless of transport cost, the port ownership strategy alters according to exporting firm’s competition mode. Under Bertrand competition, the choice of port ownership structure depends on the degree of imperfect substitutability. However, under Cournot competition, all trading countries choose same ownership structures of each port. By comparing equilibrium of each competition mode, we show that welfare of exporting country under Cournot competition is higher than under Bertrand competition if goods are sufficiently substitutes. In contrast, importing country prefers Bertrand competition to Cournot competition when the competitive pressure is sufficiently high.     

薄壁高墩大跨连续刚构桥地震时程反应参数研究

运用大质量法,建立并推导了长大跨度桥梁考虑行波效应的分析模型及解析方程。以内蒙古小沙湾黄河特大桥为工程背景,选取墩身刚度、地震波视波波速、地震波激励方向等主要参数,建立动力计算模型,对该桥上述各种参数工况下地震时程反应作了参数对比分析研究。利用分析结果,探讨了同类桥梁在各种参数变化情况下墩顶位移和墩底内力的变化规律。     

无粘结预应力混凝土梁的强度与变形特性研究

给出了无粘结预应力混凝土梁强度和受力性能的分析结果。建立了适用于无粘结预应力混凝土梁非线性全过程分析的有限元简化模型,利用该模型探讨了跨高比、有效预应力和加载方式这3种参数对无粘结预应力混凝土梁弯曲性能以及无粘结预应力筋极限应力的影响。分析结果表明,跨高比对无粘结预应力筋极限应力无明显影响,增大无粘结预应力筋的有效预应力能显著提高梁的开裂和极限荷载,加载方式对梁的受力性能有着非常重要的影响。     

基于神经网络的混凝土预制桩单桩竖向极限承载力参数分析

应用BP神经网络，对混凝土预制桩单桩竖向极限承载力进行预测，并分析了各种参数对单桩竖向极限承载力的影响。通过影响因素分析，确定了桩径、桩长、入土深度、桩侧摩阻力加权平均值、桩端阻力平均值等参数对单桩竖向极限承载力有影响。对混凝土预制桩单桩静载试验资料进行分析和取样，将包含上述参数的样本与单桩竖向极限承载力形成数据对，采用三层神经网络进行训练，输入层为各参数，输出层为单桩竖向极限承载力，建立了混凝土预制桩单桩竖向极限承载力预测模型。研究表明，所建立的模型能够有效地预测混凝土预制桩单桩竖向极限承载力，通过参数分析，能够得出各参数对单桩竖向极限承载力的影响规律，从而确定比较合理的单桩设计参数。