多源交通信息条件下的出行行为选择研究

在考虑多源交通信息可能导致信息过剩,从而影响决策者出行选择的条件下,引入决策论的思想,通过对多源交通信息方式发布的特点分析,应用模糊物元理论,建立个体出行的行为选择模型,在熵值法确定客观权重的条件下,根据贴近度的大小对决策方案进行选择,克服出行者的主观经验判断。通过实例计算,证明了不确定型决策在多源交通信息影响下出行者路径选择方面的可用性,客观上能为其提供最优的出行路径。     

交通信息对驾驶员逐日路径选择行为影响研究

在无信息、发布历史信息和发布预测信息3种信息条件下,分别建立了驾驶员的路径理解行程时间期望值的更新模型.通过建立一个含有2条平行路径的简单路网,对3种交通信息条件下驾驶员逐日路径选择进行了仿真,结果表明:交通信息对驾驶员的作用与驾驶员路径选择的随机程度和对信息依赖程度有关;在3种交通信息条件下,路网均不能达到用户均衡平衡状态;交通信息的预测方法不同,预测信息对驾驶员路径选择的影响有差异.     

制动盘热机械耦合仿真系统的开发

为实现制动盘不同工况下热机械耦合仿真分析,采用APDL(ANSYS Parametric Design Language)语言编程实现仿真过程的参数化,同时通过UIDL(User Interface Development Language)语言及TCL/TK语言编写界面,开发了嵌入ANSYS系统内部的仿真集成系统。提出的方法可为制动盘及其他车辆制动部件的热机械耦合仿真工作提供有效的指导和依据,开发的仿真系统具有一定的实用价值。     

A topological route choice model for metro

This article presents a route choice model for public transit networks that incorporates variables related to network topology, complementing those found in traditional models based on service levels (travel time, cost, transfers, etc.) and users’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics (income level, trip purpose, etc.). The topological variables represent concepts such as the directness of the chosen route and user knowledge of the network. For both of these factors, the necessary data is endogenous to the modelling process and can be quantified without the need for information-gathering beyond what is normally required for building route choice models. Other novel variables in the proposed formulation capture notions of user comfort such as vehicle occupancy rates and certain physical characteristics of network stations. We conclude that these new variables significantly improve the explanatory and predictive ability of existing route choice specifications.     

A nested recursive logit model for route choice analysis

We propose a route choice model that relaxes the independence from irrelevant alternatives property of the logit model by allowing scale parameters to be link specific. Similar to the recursive logit (RL) model proposed by Fosgerau et al. (2013), the choice of path is modeled as a sequence of link choices and the model does not require any sampling of choice sets. Furthermore, the model can be consistently estimated and efficiently used for prediction.A key challenge lies in the computation of the value functions, i.e. the expected maximum utility from any position in the network to a destination. The value functions are the solution to a system of non-linear equations. We propose an iterative method with dynamic accuracy that allows to efficiently solve these systems.We report estimation results and a cross-validation study for a real network. The results show that the NRL model yields sensible parameter estimates and the fit is significantly better than the RL model. Moreover, the NRL model outperforms the RL model in terms of prediction.     

Continuum theory for pedestrian traffic flow: Local route choice modelling and its implications

This contribution puts forward a novel multi-class continuum model that captures some of the key dynamic features of pedestrian flows. It considers route choice behaviour on both the strategic (pre-trip) and tactical (en-route) level. To achieve this, we put forward a class-specific equilibrium direction relation of the pedestrians, which is governed by two parts: one part describing the global route choice, which is pre-determined based on the expectations of the pedestrians, and one part describing the local route choice, which is a density-gradient dependent term that reflects local adaptations based on prevailing flow conditions.Including the local route choice term in the multi-class model causes first of all dispersion of the flow: pedestrians will move away from high density areas in order to reduce their overall walking costs. Second of all, for the crossing flow and bi-directional flow cases, local route choice causes well known self-organised patterns to emerge (i.e. diagonal stripes and bi-directional lanes). We study under which demand conditions self-organisation occurs and fails, as well as what the impact is of the choices of the different model parameters. In particular, the differences in the weights reflecting the impact of the own and the other classes appear to have a very strong impact on the self-organisation process.     

隧道掘进机（TBM）选型探讨

我国山岭隧道的长度不断增加,数十公里的隧道不断投入到施工阶段,然而由于埋深大、施工支洞布置困难、环境保护要求高等因素影响,越来越多的硬岩掘进机（TBM）得以应用。TBM对地质条件的适应性不及钻爆法灵活,但适宜的地质条件下可以取得很高的施工进度,它可分为开敞式、单护盾、双护盾等不同类型。不同的TBM有不同的特点,不同的工...     

大学生工作价值观与择业选择——以上海、江西为例

对新生代大学生的内在、外在工作价值观以及价值观与择业意向之间的关系进行了研究,并以上海、江西南昌两地样本来比较地区差异。研究表明,新生代大学生对工作价值观中的成就感、同事关系、独立性要求较高,对监督关系、利他主义、美感的追求尚可,而对创造性、工作环境、管理能力、变动性、智力刺激的上追求并不高。上海大学生对管理能力的追求高于江西大学生,在择业意向上两地大学生也存在差异,上海学生更倾向去外企就职,而江西学生更倾向于国有企业和事业单位就职。进一步,创造性、管理能力价值观负向影响到选择国企就职,而工作环境价值观负向影响到选择民营企业就职。最后研究对新生代管理实践进行了讨论。     

厦门港口所需配备的大型浮吊探讨

厦门港口配置的浮吊技术性能己严重滞后,跟不上港口发展的态势。进行了厦门港码头上门式起重机的参数分析,载重货轮的技术分析、业务工作量的分析,对厦门港大型浮吊的选型提出了建议。     

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分析了影响城市轨道交通乘客路径选择的主要影响因素,建立了城市轨道交通路径选择的广义费用函数,并分析乘客在城市轨道交通网络中的路径选择行为。应用Logit模型对城市轨道交通网络的客流分配问题进行了理论建模,通过统计调查数据对模型和算法进行了有效性验证。通过问卷调查数据,采用极大似然估计方法,标定了模型中的参数,在有效路径搜索算法方面,提出了一种基于深度搜索优先和分支界定思想的有效路径搜索算法,以得出符合现实的有效路径集合。最后,在北京市轨道交通网络客流中,运用本文所提出的模型和算法估算了立水桥站到国贸站OD对之间各有效路径被选取的概率,并通过实测调查数据进行了验证,结果表明了本文所提出的模型和算法的有效性。