根据修正的双参数法求解桩基的水平内力

近年来关于桩基水平内力的研究已取得一系列新的成果,虽然采用多种方法计算的基桩水平内力与实测值比较接近,但其计算过程比较复杂,采用的计算参数多由土工试验得出,受人为因素影响较大。为进一步简化桩基水平内力计算并提高计算精度,根据修正的双参数法和有限差分原理推导桩基水平内力的计算公式,可求得桩身各节点的水平内力。     

基于CFD的船舶球首型线自动优化

在满足排水量及航速要求情况下设计出性能优良的船体型线,降低船体阻力、节能降耗是造船界一直所追求的目标。船舶球首的大小、位置和形状对船体兴波影响非常大,因此文章通过船型参数化融合方法,生成一系列球首型线,并以兴波阻力最小为目标,采用遗传算法实现球首型线的自动优化。将上述方法应用于某集装箱船球首型线的自动优化,并进行船舶静水阻力实验,实验表明优化船型在设计航速附近总阻力降低明显,说明文中采用的基于CFD船型自动优化方法是可行的。     

基于双脉冲参量微扰的船舶运动混沌控制技术

提出了双脉冲参量微扰控制混沌系统的方法,针对船舶运动中存在的混沌现象,以某型军用舰船运动非线性模型为例,在系统参量微扰中引入脉冲控制策略,研究了改进的双脉冲参量微扰方法的控制效果及控制规律.数值仿真结果表明,该控制方法能将受控系统稳定到周期轨道或不动点上,具有良好的控制效果.     

基于设计特征的FRIENDSHIP船型参数化方法及实现

船型设计是船舶总体设计中一项极其复杂且又重要的内容,船舶的结构设计、性能计算、总布置等都要以船型为依据,因此,如何实现船型参数化设计尤为重要。FRIENDSHIP系统为船型设计提供了基于Feature特征和仿真驱动设计的参数化方法和实现机制。在对船型参数化基本理论———特征参数、特征曲线和曲面生成等进行详细阐述的基础上,以某型船艉部裸船体为例,具体阐述了船型参数化的实现流程,以及以Feature、Curveengine和Meta surface为特征机制的船型参数化的具体步骤。以Feature特征为核心的船型参数化方法不仅能为船型曲面的快速建立提供技术支撑,还可以为性能分析和优化提供基础条件。     

The influence of route guidance advice on route choice in urban networks

The paper begins by reviewing what is known about route choice processes and notes the mismatch between this knowledge and the route choice assumptions embedded in the most widely used assignment models. Empirical evidence on the influence of route guidance advice on route choice is reviewed and, despite its limited nature, is seen to suggest that users are reluctant to follow advice unless they find it convincing and that, the more familiar they are with the network, the less likely they are to accept advice. Typically only a small minority of journeys are made in total compliance with advice.Results from an interactive route choice simulator (IGOR) are summarised and are seen to reveal that compliance depends on the extent to which the advice is corroborated by other factors, on the drivers' familiarity with the network and on the quality of advice previously received. It is noted that the IGOR results are in a form which would enable response models to be calibrated.Recent approaches to the modelling of route choice in the context of guidance are discussed. Some are seen to make simplifying assumptions which must limit the relevance of their results; most make no allowance for the fact that drivers are unlikely to comply with all advice and several are not able to represent the benefits which guidance might bring in the context of sporadic congestion or incidents.As an alternative, a two phase model comprising a medium term strategic equilibrium and a day-specific simulation with explicit representation of driver response is proposed.Updated and extended from an earlier version published in theProceedings of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE No 425/IV-4, 1991-1).     

铁路车站进路选择优化模型及求解算法的研究

铁路车站进路选择是车站运输组织的基础,合理地安排车站内各项作业的运行进路及其排列时机有利于提高运输生产效率,节约生产成本。本文以一般技术站为背景,从数学规划的角度研究车站进路的自动选择方法。通过定义衔接点和承载点,建立了车站网络的描述方法。以作业晚点时间最短以及各进路的总走行时间最短为目标,以避免车站作业的时空交叉、满足作业计划要求为约束构建了车站进路选择的数学规划模型。利用进路选择和进路排列时间的映射关系,把进路选择模型转化成一个等价的0-1整数规划模型。针对模型的非线性特点,以模拟退火算法为基础,提出了适合求解进路选择模型的复合优化算法。通过算例验证了模型的正确性以及求解算法的有效性。     

Formulating a methodology for modelling revealed preference discrete choice data-the selectively replicated logit estimation

There are a number of studies on modelling with Revealed Preference (RP) data. It is a traditional technique and it is based on actual market data. The method has been extensively used in transportation as a tool for predicting travel demand. Although the method constitutes a relevant analysis on the process of modelling, it suffers from limitations, mainly associated with the lack of control over the experiment, that sometimes overwhelm the model results. This work proposes and tests a methodology for estimating a more efficient binary RP sample set. The objective is to develop and test a methodology that identifies and eliminates potentially irrational choices made. Responses are evaluated according to the set of trade-offs in values of time. Having identified these individuals they are eliminated from the original sample and a new sample is created, the selectively replicated (SR) sample. Original and SR samples are then re-estimated in a tree nested logit structure.     

Car fuel-type choice under travel demand management and economic incentives

Future levels of vehicle air pollution in urban areas will depend on the proportion of new car buyers who opt for less polluting vehicles, as these appear on the market. This paper examines the factors likely to influence the demand for lower emission and zero emission vehicles. Using a discrete choice experiment, suburban driver commuters choose between three types of vehicle, one conventional, one fuel-efficient and one electric. Each is characterized by varying vehicle cost and performance measures, range and refueling rates, and commuting costs and times. The latter are manipulated to determine how their use as economic instruments might influence vehicle choice. All cost and time variables are expressed as ratios of the respondent’s current situation. Parameters of a multinomial discrete choice model are used in a choice simulator to estimate the average choice probability of each type of vehicle under different scenarios reflecting possible future relative vehicle prices and performance levels as well as differential commuting costs and times based on policies aimed at encouraging the purchase of cleaner vehicles. The evidence is that the latter economic instruments will have modest effects on vehicle choice. By contrast there would be a large shift of demand to cleaner and zero-emission vehicles provided their cost and performance came within an acceptable range of conventional vehicles.     

城市轨道交通接触网带间隙避雷器的应用

设计了城市轨道交通架空接触网雷电防护用串联间隙金属氧化物避雷器的结构,分析选择了避雷器的额定参数,通过雷电冲击放电伏秒特性等型式试验对避雷器样品性能进行了检验,最后简要介绍了产品的应用效果。     

东莞市城市快速轨道交通R_2线车辆选型关键问题探讨

东莞市城市快速轨道交通线网由4条线路构成,具有明显的市域轨道特征,目前我国还没有市域轨道交通的相关规范。R2线是线网内第一条建设的线路,其车辆选型不仅是确定本线技术标准的重要因素,也影响线网内后续建设线路相关技术标准的确定。根据东莞线网的特点及R2线的客流特征,对R2线车辆最高运行速度、车型选择、定员标准、座席布置及列车编组等车辆选型关键问题进行分析研究,推荐采用最高运行速度为120 km/h的地铁B型车,站立定员标准为5人/m2,车门数量为3个/侧.辆,座席为横向座席与纵向座席混合布置,初、近、远期分别采用5、5/6混跑、6辆编组方案。