银匠界隧道爆破设计与施工技术

根据银匠界隧道的物理力学特性,通过相应的经验公式计算,确定隧道的爆破参数,以保证开挖过程中的效率,对隧道爆破施工中采出的措施进行了分析总结,为类似工程施工提供参考。     

三塔斜拉桥索塔锚固区节段足尺模型试验

为研究三塔斜拉桥索塔锚固区的局部受力特性,以2×616 m的三塔组合梁斜拉桥为研究对象,运用ANSYS的APDL语言建立了索塔锚固区的梁-实-接触参数化有限元模型。对不同高度模型的数值结果进行了对比分析,确定出合理的试验模型高度。在此基础上,选取索塔锚固区有代表性的节段进行了足尺模型试验,并对试验的测试内容、测试步骤和试验方法进行了详细阐述。研究结果表明:短边、长边预应力钢筋的预应力损失分别占张拉力的15.3%、10.4%;实测值与计算值基本吻合,锚固区有足够的压应力储备;在正常使用状态下,与现有双塔斜拉桥索塔锚固区模型相比,试验模型其顺桥向测点变形最小少1.6倍、最大少4.03倍。     

北京市交通结构合理发展模式及策略研究

在交通需求总量保持高速增长,而道路资源能力扩充有限的背景下,交通结构是否合理直接影响交通资源的配置方式以及城市交通系统的运行效率。首先总结北京市交通结构发展的历史阶段及特征。然后,系统梳理国际大城市三种典型的交通发展模式及策略。在此基础上,针对北京市交通结构调整面临的主要问题与挑战,相应提出交通结构合理化发展的策略与建议：提升公共交通吸引力和承载力、降低小汽车使用强度、引导市民绿色出行和理性消费。     

行车安全与驾驶员选择反应能力相关性研究

为了考察驾驶员选择反应能力对行车安全的影响,借助开发的选择反应检测仪采集4642名营运车辆驾驶员选择反应的有效数据,并调查被测驾驶员三年的安全行车记录。将被测驾驶员划分为四个组别,利用SPSS软件对实验数据进行处理,分析行车事故与驾驶员选择反应能力的相关性。研究结果表明,四个组别的行车事故具有显著性差异,行车事故与选择反应准确性有较强的正相关性。     

An exploration of shoppers travel mode choice in visiting convenience stores in the UK

Using data from over 2000 convenience store customers within and outside London, this paper explores how individuals access their convenience stores and how significant the influence of their socio-demographics, shopping types and trip chaining is to their mode choice in visiting the stores. Trip chaining is found to be crucial in influencing customers' mode choice and their visit frequency. The application of logit models also shows that frequent shoppers are the ones most likely to visit the stores on foot. Interestingly, the estimation results also show that the location's density, shopping types and the day of the week are not significant in influencing travel modes. Customers who live in the most deprived areas are less likely to use a private car in visiting the stores.     

Campus parking supply impacts on transportation mode choice

Parking demand is a significant land-use problem in campus planning. The parking policies of universities and large corporations with facilities located in small urban areas shape the character of their campuses. These facilities will benefit from a simplified methodology to study the effects of parking availability on transportation mode mix and impacts on recruitment and staffing policies. This paper, based on a case study of North Dakota State University in the United States, introduces an analytical framework to provide planners with insights about how parking supply and demand affects campus transportation mode choice. The methodology relies only on aggregate mode choice data for the special generator zone and the average aggregate volume/capacity ratio projections for all external routes that access the zone. This reduced data requirement significantly lowers analysis cost and obviates the need for specialized modelling software and spatial network analysis tools. Results illustrate that the framework is effective for analysing mode choice changes under different scenarios of parking supply and population growth.     

Gender differences in activity participation,time-of-day and duration choices: new evidence from Calgary

To date only limited research has quantified differences between female and male activity patterns, and analyses at an individual activity level are scarce. Past research has focused on investigating gender differences in mobility levels based on observed travel patterns, especially those related to commuting. This article reports new evidence based on analyses of a household activity survey data-set collected from a Canadian city – Calgary – in 2001. Results show that contemporary females and males have a very similar activity participation pattern. On the other hand, analyses applied to activity starting times support the view that there are minor gender differences in time-of-day choices. In addition, duration and survival analyses through log-rank and Wilcoxon tests show that women and men tend to spend more or less time on some of the 10 weekend/weekday activities, and thus indicate that they share different domestic and societal responsibilities: males tend to spend longer time for out-of-home activities, such as work, school, social, and out-of-town; whereas females contribute more to domestic work, including shopping, eating, and religious activity. In general, this article contributes new evidence to gender differences in activity participation, time-of-day, and duration choices at the individual activity level. Such differences may influence travelers’ time, mode, and location choices and thus have important implications for the complexity of an activity-based modeling framework. These implications are discussed along with recommendations for incorporating gender differences in an activity-based modeling framework.     

Effects of incorporating latent and attitudinal information in mode choice models

Abstract

Hybrid choice modelling approaches allow latent variables in mode choice utility functions to be addressed. However, defining attitude and behavior as latent variables is influenced by the researcher's assumptions. Therefore, it is better to capture the effects of latent behavioral and attitudinal factors as latent variables than defining behaviors and attitudes per se. This article uses a hybrid choice model for capturing such latent effects, which will herein be referred to as modal captivity effects in commuting mode choice. Latent modal captivity refers to the unobserved and apparently unexplained attraction towards a specific mode of transportation that is resulting from latent attitude and behavior of passengers in addition to the urban transportation system. In empirical models, the latent modal captivity variables are explained as functions of different observed variables. Empirical models show significant improvement in fitting observed data as well as improved understanding of travel behavior.     

非流形造型的主船体快速分舱方法

为解决自底向上逐一生成舱室的分舱方法需要花费大量时间,提出了一种自顶向下的船舶参数化分舱方法,利用舱壁位置参数与内壳折点位置参数驱动生成分舱理论面,再用分舱理论面切割主船体,利用非流形造型技术及其布尔运算生成舱室.分析结果表明:该方法只需舱壁位置与内壳折点信息,即可进行参数化分舱,避免了大量舱室型值信息的输入,降低了舱室定义的复杂性;通过非流形造型记录了分舱时的过程信息,修改模型时只需对这些信息重组即可,实现了分舱模型的快速重塑.可见,该方法能够快速实现船舶分舱与舱容计算,为船舶三维参数化设计奠定了基础.     

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可变信息板(VMS)通过发布实时的道路交通信息引导驾驶员的路径选择行为,是智能交通系统的重要组成部分之一,也是大城市缓解交通拥堵所采取的方法之一.为了定量分析VMS对驾驶员路径选择行为所产生的影响,本文采用SP调查法针对驾龄在1年以上的驾驶员进行问卷调查,使用SPSS20.0软件对调查数据进行分析,并在此基础上建立VMS诱导条件下驾驶员改变路径频率的有序多分类Logit模型,得出结论,驾驶员根据VMS所提供信息进行路径选择的主要影响因素为驾驶风格、出行时间、VMS可信度.