大跨度中承式钢箱桁架拱桥抗震体系研究

为研究大跨度中承式钢箱桁架拱桥合理抗震体系,以某主跨519 m的中承式钢箱桁架拱桥为背景,采用MIDAS软件建立全桥有限元模型,分析桥梁自振特性、非线性时程地震响应,对比采用拉索减震支座前、后2种抗震支承体系下的桥梁地震响应,并对拉索减震支座的自由程进行参数分析。结果表明:对于大跨度中承式拱桥,抗震体系设计应重点关注桥梁支座反力;由于主梁从主拱肋间穿过,降低了桥梁的抗扭刚度;采用拉索减震支座前、后,拱脚内力变化不大,桥梁支座横向水平力最大值由3 027 kN降至915 kN,桥梁顺、横桥向位移响应也得到明显改善;该桥合理拉索自由程为5 cm。     

Developing evasive action‐based indicators for identifying pedestrian conflicts in less organized traffic environments

There has been a growing interest in using surrogate safety measures such as traffic conflicts to analyse road safety from a broader perspective than collision data alone. This growing interest has been aided by recent advances in automated video‐based traffic conflict analysis. The automation enables accurate calculation of various conflict indicators such as time‐to‐collision and post‐encroachment time. These indicators rely on road users getting within specific temporal and spatial proximity from each other and therefore assume that proximity is a surrogate for conflict severity. However, this assumption may not be valid in many driving environments where close interactions between road users are common. The objective of this paper is to investigate the applicability of time proximity conflict indicators for evaluating pedestrian safety in less‐organized traffic environments with a high mix of road users. Several alternative behavioural conflict indicators based on detecting pedestrian evasive actions are recommended to better measure traffic conflicts in such traffic environments. These indicators represent variations in the spatio‐temporal gait parameters (step length, step frequency and walk ratio) immediately before the conflict point. A highly congested shared intersection in Shanghai, China, with frequent pedestrian conflicts is used as a case study. Traffic conflicts are analysed with the use of automated video‐based analysis techniques. The results showed that evasive action‐based indicators have higher potential to identify pedestrian conflicts and measure their severity in high mix less organized traffic environments than time proximity measures such as time‐to‐collision and post‐encroachment time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于柔度系数求解桥梁桩基对桥墩约束刚度的有限元数值分析

以桥梁桩基础为研究对象,基于弹性地基梁"m"法理论,通过柔度系数提出桥梁桩基础对桥墩约束刚度的有限元数值计算方法,探讨桩基有关参数诸如桩径、入土深度、地面以上长度、地质条件以及桩数对约束刚度的影响规律。研究结果表明:本文结果对桥墩设计、桥墩承载能力与桥墩抗震防灾能力评估具有一定的指导意义。     

新型GFRP组合梁桥荷载横向分布系数参数分析

对于新型GFRP组合桥梁，通过考虑GFRP桥面板与工字型钢纵梁组合共同受力，分析了跨长、纵梁间距、主梁尺寸及横撑刚度等各参数对桥梁横向荷载分布系数的影响。通过不同工况有限元数值分析，可知纵梁间距、跨长、纵梁位置及纵梁尺寸对荷载横向分布系数有重要的影响，横撑的刚度对跨度小于20m桥梁的横向分布系数有一定的影响。此结论对新型GFRP组合梁桥横向荷载分布系数确定有重要参考价值，并为桥梁设计提供了有效依据。     

Gain Characteristics of Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier

The theory model of fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) was introduced, which is based on optical nonlinear effect. And then numerical simulation was done to analyze and discuss the gain spectral characteristics of one-pump and two-pump FOPA. The results show that for one-pump FOPA, when pump wavelength is near to fiber zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW), the gain flatness is better, and with the increase of the pump power,fiber length and its nonlinear coefficient, the gain value will increase while the gain bandwidth will become narrow.For two pump FOPA, when the pump central wavelength is near to fiber ZDW, the gain flatness is better. Moreover, by decreasing the space of two pumps wavelength, the gain flatness can be improved. Finally, some problems existing in FOPA were addressed.     

无横撑系杆拱桥弹性屈曲稳定及其参数优选

在无横撑系杆拱桥设计中,拱肋的侧向稳定是控制设计的因素之一。以无横撑系杆拱桥弹性稳定承载力的解析表达式为基础．探讨了结构参数变化对面内、面外稳定承载力的影响;在设定无横撑系杆拱桥的面内、面外稳定承载力相等的原则下,研究了无横撑系杆拱桥的参数优选,并给出了基于稳定性的概念设计讨论。     

参数横摇薄弱性衡准研究

鉴于国际海事组织（IMO）第二代完整稳性衡准工作组正在制定参数横摇薄弱性衡准。文章首先编制了参数横摇第一层和第二层薄弱性衡准的计算程序,其中采用解析稳态解法求解横摇响应,并给出了衡准中关键参数即波浪中稳性高变化的计算方法;其次以国际标模 C11集装箱为例详细分析了参数横摇衡准的计算过程,同时分析了横摇阻尼对计算结果的影响;最后通过与试验结果的比较,验证了衡准方法的一致性及程序的可靠性。     

基于参数化子模型的SWATH船典型节点抗疲劳设计

复杂的交变载荷、特殊的结构形式和高强度钢的大量使用使小水线面双体船连接桥结构的疲劳强度问题尤为突出。针对此问题,研究在整船有限元分析的基础上,采用子模型法对SWATH船支柱体高应力集中区域的典型节点进行基于Miner线性累积损伤理论和Weibull分布连续模型的疲劳强度分析。并通过有限元分析软件Ansys及其参数化编译语言APDL建立该典型节点的参数化子模型,结合以表征结构疲劳寿命的累积损伤度和影响疲劳强度的形状和尺寸参数建立的优化模型进行优化设计研究。算例结果表明,该方法能够在提高结构疲劳强度的情况下,提出结构重量较轻的节点形状和尺寸方案,为此类结构的抗疲劳设计提供参考。     

预应力混凝土曲线梁桥受力性能参数化分析研究

结合曲线梁桥实际工程,运用大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS提供的参数化设计语言,对一座跨径布置为3×30 m,桥宽为12 m的预应力混凝土曲线梁桥在不同曲率半径R以及边中跨径比L1/L2条件下进行了受力性能分析。研究结果表明:随着曲率半径的减小,曲线桥会在支墩主梁处产生扭矩值,且不断增大,另外建议当R/L≥10倍时可以近似按照直线桥进行受力分析;设置合理的边中跨径比不仅可以平衡边跨与中跨的内力分布,亦能有效地调节曲线梁桥支墩处的扭矩分布。     

基于参数化模型的船舶圆柱売结构声学优化分析方法

复杂圆柱壳结构是船舶结构的主要形式,建立其快速声学优化分析方法对促进船舶结构声学设计, 实现“分析驱动设计”理念具有重要价值。基于隐式参数化建模方法,建立船舶复杂圆柱壳结构参数化模型库,提出基于参数化模型的船舶圆柱壳结构声学优化分析方法,解决了分析流程中数据自动传输、软件调用和变量控制等问题。算例结果表明所提方法是合理的,初步满足船舶复杂圆柱壳结构声学优化设计需求。