共享停车泊位的分配-定价-收益分配机制

为科学管理共享停车资源,构建一种共享停车泊位的分配-定价-收益分配机制。首先,以存在多个地块的区域为对象,根据出行者对不同地块及停车时间模式的选择偏好构建停车许可证的最优分配-定价模型,其中,最优分配模型为组合拍卖竞胜标确定问题(NP困难问题)。其次,利用Benders分解原理、对偶理论及新型升价拍卖代理系统构建调优法对停车许可证进行拍卖。最后,为调动共享泊位提供者的积极性,利用沙普利值法构建基于对社会福利贡献程度的停车收益分配模型。由理论分析及数值试验可知,运用上述机制可精确实现社会福利最优状态,最小竞争均衡价格与公平的收益分配。结果表明:①相较VCG机制与Leonard机制,调优法不仅可精确求解停车许可证的最优分配-定价,而且在算法最坏时间复杂度方面拥有更高效率;②在调优法的每个步骤中,即使停车许可证的分配并非最优,通过机制所实现的收费定价依然具有防止策略性操作的重要性质;③调优法可在较少的步骤之内实现较高的社会福利;④新型升价拍卖代理系统拥有多项式型的最坏时间复杂度;⑤通过最优分配-定价机制可获得每位出行者的选择偏好,进而可计算不同泊位提供者组合条件下的社会福利,实现沙普利值法在现实应用中的可计算性。     

基于总线的超声波倒车雷达设计

介绍了超声波测距原理,设计了基于Motorola单片机技术的超声波倒车雷达,提出了倒车雷达数据总线传递方案。     

城市轨道交通车段/场ATP系统改造策略

针对苏州轨道交通2号线既有车段/场与正线运行控制模式不统一的问题,提出一种车段/场ATP系统改造策略,从而提高列车出入段/场的效率,增强车段/场作业安全防护.通过对3种改造方案的对比分析,并结合苏州轨道交通2号线车段/场及正线信号系统实际运行现状,表明提出的优化措施可为苏州轨道交通车段/场ATP系统改造提供技术支撑.     

新城（镇）路内停车规划研究

为缓解停车难问题、处理好动态交通和静态交通的关系,在新城（镇）土地利用规划阶段做好停车规划,特别是路内停车规划,尤为重要。首先分析了路内停车带设置位置及车辆停放方式。然后从供给和需求两方面进行分析,建立路内停车总量规划模型,并给出了路内停车规划的一般原则。最后以藤桥镇总体规划（镇区范围）相关数据为例,对模型进行验证。结果表明,设置路内停车泊位后,藤桥镇道路饱和度均在0.7以下,处于可接受水平。     

城市机动车辆停放选择模型

为了增强出行前停车信息查询功能和提高停车诱导效果,提出一种服务于驾驶员出行前对目的地首选以及备选停车场进行车辆停放选择的优化模型,建立了以驾驶员使用最便利,可达性最强,出行停放成本最低为目标的车辆停放选择模型,利用启发式算法计算了模型的备选解集。经实例验证,该模型可以得到多个满足约束条件的合理性停车方案,从而为驾驶员在出行前选择停车场提供了决策依据。     

中心城区机动车停车设施规划研究

随着城市,尤其是城市中心城区停车需求的日益增加,停车问题的日益突出,对城市停车设施进行合理规划显得尤为重要。本文对城市中心城区停车特征进行分析归纳,对城市各种停车需求进行分类,在研究结论中针对每种停车需求提出相应的停车设施供应,并尝试给出各类停车设施的合理比例。本次研究成果在宜兴市中心城区停车设施规划中得到应用,并取得良好的效果。     

城市停车诱导信息系统理论动态研究

本文按照配备停车诱导信息系统条件下停车选择模型、显示优化技术,设计思想和管理规定三方面阐述了国外城市停车诱导信息系统理论研究的既有成果,从结构组成探讨,服务功能和显示技术、相关模型三方面概括了国内对谊系统研究的基本情况。国外在谊领域研究实践的广度和深度都领先于国内．总结了目前理论研究存在的不足．最后提出了停车小区和停车片区的新概念,并对未来城市停车诱导信息系统理论研究动态进行展望．     

城市静态交通发展战略研究

静态交通发展战略规划是城市交通规划中的重要组成部分,本文以A市为例,在对城市静态交通现状分析基础上,提出A市静态交通发展的战略目标及战略措施,并从停车供应、小区停车、停车换乘、停车智能化和停车收费五个角度出发,对A市未来静态交通发展做出具体设想,以期引导城市静态交通的合理、有序发展。     

An analysis of bicycle route choice preferences in Texas,US

In the US, the rise in motorized vehicle travel has contributed to serious societal, environmental, economic, and public health problems. These problems have increased the interest in encouraging non-motorized modes of travel (walking and bicycling). The current study contributes toward this objective by identifying and evaluating the importance of attributes influencing bicyclists’ route choice preferences. Specifically, the paper examines a comprehensive set of attributes that influence bicycle route choice, including: (1) bicyclists’ characteristics, (2) on-street parking, (3) bicycle facility type and amenities, (4) roadway physical characteristics, (5) roadway functional characteristics, and (6) roadway operational characteristics. The data used in the analysis is drawn from a web-based stated preference survey of Texas bicyclists. The results of the study emphasize the importance of a comprehensive evaluation of both route-related attributes and bicyclists’ demographics in bicycle route choice decisions. The empirical results indicate that travel time (for commuters) and motorized traffic volume are the most important attributes in bicycle route choice. Other route attributes with a high impact include number of stop signs, red light, and cross-streets, speed limits, on-street parking characteristics, and whether there exists a continuous bicycle facility on the route.

Reducing car dependence in the heart of Europe: lessons from Germany,Austria, and Switzerland

Munich, Berlin, Hamburg, Vienna, and Zurich – the largest cities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland – have significantly reduced the car share of trips over the past 25 years in spite of high motorisation rates. The key to their success has been a coordinated package of mutually reinforcing transport and land-use policies that have made car use slower, less convenient, and more costly, while increasing the safety, convenience, and feasibility of walking, cycling, and public transport. The mix of policies implemented in each city has been somewhat different. The German cities have done far more to promote cycling, while Zurich and Vienna offer more public transport service per capita at lower fares. All five of the cities have implemented roughly the same policies to promote walking, foster compact mixed-use development, and discourage car use. Of the car-restrictive policies, parking management has been by far the most important. The five case study cities demonstrate that it is possible to reduce car dependence even in affluent societies with high levels of car ownership and high expectations for quality of travel.