拥挤道路收费与停车收费组合优化模型研究

道路拥挤收费和停车收费是交通需求管理中的两大有效手段,合理地实施收费可以达到缓解交通拥挤的目的.文中针对交通网络中私家车用户可以在任意公交站点处发生换乘这一广泛情形,讨论了弹性需求下的路段拥挤收费和停车收费组合优化策略,并给出基于混沌优化方法的启发式算法求解所建立的双层规划模型.结果表明,所建模型有助于个体出行方式和出行路径的决策,且组合收费在使得公众易于接受实施拥挤收费政策的同时,也可以吸引更多出行者选择换乘公共交通方式,这将有利于减轻交通拥挤程度和环境压力.     

城市中心区停车诱导系统规划设计研究——以虹口区四川北路商业区为例

该文以上海市四川北路商业区停车诱导系统规划设计为例,结合四川北路商业区的交通特征和停车问题,以及国内外停车诱导系统的规划设计经验,提出停车诱导系统规划设计的总体理念和原则。然后,就停车诱导系统规划设计时遇到停车诱导系统架构、停车信息发布屏的版面设计、停车泊位采集装置的选用和信息传输方式等问题进行了探讨,为停车诱导系统的规划设计提供了一个良好的借鉴与思路。     

A simple reservation and allocation model of shared parking lots

With increasing auto demands, efficient parking management is by no means less important than road traffic congestion control. This is due to shortages of parking spaces within the limited land areas of the city centers in many metropolises. The parking problem becomes an integrated part of traffic planning and management. On the other hand, it is a fact that many private parking spots are available during daytime in nearby residential compound because those residents drive their cars out to work. These temporarily vacant parking lots can be efficiently utilized to meet the parking demand of other drivers who are working at nearby locations or drivers who come for shopping or other activities. This paper proposes a framework and a simple model for embracing shared use of residential parking spaces between residents and public users. The proposed shared use is a winning strategy because it maximizes the use of private resources to benefit the community as a whole. It also creates a new business model enabled by the fast-growing mobile apps in our daily lives.     

Optimal dynamic parking pricing for morning commute considering expected cruising time

This paper investigates how recurrent parking demand can be managed by dynamic parking pricing and information provision in the morning commute. Travelers are aware of time-varying pricing information and time-varying expected occupancy, through either their day-to-day experience or online information provision, to make their recurrent parking choices. We first formulate the parking choices under the User Equilibrium (UE) conditions using the Variational Inequality (VI) approach. More importantly, the System Optimal (SO) parking flow pattern and SO parking prices are also derived and solved efficiently using Linear Programming. Under SO, any two parking clusters cannot be used at the same time by travelers between more than one Origin–Destination (O–D) pairs. The SO parking flow pattern is not unique, which offers sufficient flexibility for operators to achieve different management objectives while keeping the flow pattern optimal. We show that any optimal flow pattern can be achieved by charging parking prices in each area that only depend on the time or occupancy, regardless of origins and destinations of users of this area. In the two numerical experiments, the best system performance is usually achieved by pricing the more preferred (convenient) area such that it is used up to a terminal occupancy of around 85–95%. Optimal pricing essentially balances the parking congestion (namely cruising time) and the level of convenience.     

杭州地铁2号线沈塘桥站双列位停车线设置方案研究

停车线的设置应综合考虑建设成本、客流需求、运营管理等方面的因素。在故障列车救援、行车组织灵活性等方面,双列位停车线较单列位停车线更具优势。以杭州地铁2号线沈塘桥站为例,结合全线的配线设置、工程实施条件、工程投资等情况,阐述了该站采用双列位停车线方案在增加运营灵活性、降低施工难度、缩短施工工期、节省工程投资、减少交通影响等方面的优点,并总结了双列位停车线的设计和施工经验。     

立体车库:城市静态交通发展之必然

介绍了立体车库在城市静态交通中的作用、优点和几种常用立体车库的特点,并对发展立体车库应考虑的问题进行了说明。     

新形势下石家庄市停车场规划的思考

随着汽车产业政策的调整,城市静态交通问题越来越突出,其中公共停车泊位的匮乏显得尤为严重.城市道路设施容量是制约大城市机动车发展的关键,在当前形势下须把握好车辆的"行"与"停"之间的协调关系.     

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路段行程时间的长短影响出行者的效率.本文从停车巡游角度给出了停车诱导对出行者出行时间的影响模型.对运行中车辆的密度函数增减关系进行分析，给出停车诱导信息的路段行驶时间函数解析关系式，推导出停车诱导信息对出行时间影响关系.进一步通过西单地区停车诱导系统调查结果分析说明驾车出行者对停车诱导信息的需求程度，探讨停车诱导信息系统用于解决交通出行时间效率问题。     

改进重心法在单个停车场选址中的应用

采用了一种常见的重心法模型,加以改进并且尝试用这种较为简单的连续型模型来解决单个停车场的选址问题。首先分析了重心法模型,讨论了其应用于停车场规划的可行性和优点,然后在考虑距离和费用因素的情况下,将改进后的重心法模型应用于单个停车场的选址规划中进行分析计算,并且给出算例进行了验证,最后提出了模型应用于多个停车场选址问题时的改进思路。     

城市道路内汽车停车泊位设置的关键问题研究

路内停车是缓解城市停车问题的重要手段之一,路内停车泊位的规划、设置与管理,对城市交通状况乃至城市的发展都有重要的影响。结合《江苏省城市道路内汽车停车泊位设置标准》的编制过程,对路内停车泊位功能定位进行了深入研究,对供给策略、收费标准、停放周转率等对路内停车泊位的设置至关重要的指导原则和控制指标进行了逻辑推理和定量估算,并在此基础上提出了路内停车泊位规划、建设、管理和评价一体化、周期化和制度化的建议。并建议我国现阶段的路内停车应定位于全社会停车设施的有效补充。