国家支持小排量乘用车发展的产业政策分析（续2）

2 发展小排量乘用车的一些政策建议 2．1小排量乘用车的界定 定义：凡满足国家对乘用车现行法律法规、强制性技术标准、排量在1．3L及以下、有较高动力性、外形尺寸较小的乘用车为小排量乘用车。     

“公交优先”战略下清远市公交发展研究

交通拥堵和交通污染问题是近年来引人关注的问题,特别是交通碳减排已成为发达国家碳减排的重点领域,而优先发展公交系统对解决上述问题具有重大的现实意义。在总结和阐述公交优先发展的内涵和意义的基础上,以清远市公交系统为研究对象,总结和分析了"公交优先"战略下清远市公交发展现状和问题,提出了清远市公交优先发展的思路与具体做法,并根据现有情况规划了三种不同水平的公交优先发展情景方案,计算了三种方案下二氧化碳的排放量。结果显示:公交很高吸引力的方案比一般吸引力的方案每年少排二氧化碳38.9万t,年度减排直接效益为2 723万元,节约能源的直接效益为12.5亿元。最后提出了清远市公交优先发展的政策建议。     

对中国未来10年道路交通安全状况分析与初步预测

笔者从中国现代道路交通系统的发展现状与道路交通安全状况出发，以过去10多年中国汽车、摩托车保有量的发展轨迹为基础，对中国未来一定时期（2004～2015年）机动车保有量的发展变化及政府采取不同管理对策条件下的道路交通安全状况的发展水平进行了预测。结果表明：政府管理对策对道路交通安全状况变化具有决定性影响。     

城市中心区停车设施供应研究

随着城市化进程的加快，我国机动车拥有量及道路交通量急剧增加，停车问题已成为诸多城市的难题。本文在分析了城市中心区停车设施供应的影响因素的基础上，建立了停车设施供应与停车需求关系模型以及停车设施供应与路网容量平衡关系模型，对如何合理确定城市中心区停车泊位供应量进行了探讨，并在浙江省台州市滨海工业城启动区块的停车设施供应规划中得到应用，可为我国城市中心区静态交通设施规划提供借鉴。     

论实施拥堵收费政策的必要性——以巴黎、伦敦和斯德哥尔摩的交通政策为例

针对我国大城市是否有必要实施拥堵收费政策这一热点问题,首先分析巴黎、伦敦城市形态对交通供需、拥堵情况、交通政策的决定性影响.根据巴黎、伦敦和斯德哥尔摩的经验,探讨拥堵收费政策是否是缓解交通拥堵的必选之策.分析从规划入手论述了缓解拥堵、发展公共交通和自行车交通等缓解交通拥堵方法的有效性和可行性,就我国大城市交通发展的最优、必选和可选之策提出建议.     

城际公交效果评估及运营机制研究

随着我国都市圈、城市群的快速崛起,城际公交已成为交通服务社会、方便居民出行、促进区域经济协调发展的重要载体。本文阐述了城际公交的内涵、特征及其发展运营现状,并对其当前实施效果进行了评估。在此基础上,深入剖析了制约其发展的经营模式、管理体制以及法规制度等“瓶颈”问题,提出规范和促进城际公交发展的政策建议,以促进城际公交科学发展、安全发展、可持续发展。     

Elasticities for taxicab fares and service availability

This study utilizes a unique dataset from New York City to examine the effects of taxi fare increases on trip demand and the availability of taxi service. The elasticity of trip demand with respect to fares is estimated to be –0.22; the elasticity of service availability with respect to the taxi fare is 0.28; and the elasticity of service availability with respect to total supply of service is near 1.0. These results have important implications for taxi regulatory decisions. First, fare increases do substantially increase industry revenues but at a lesser rate than the percentage increase in the fare. The implication for policy-makers is that fare elasticities must be carefully considered to obtain desired improvements in drivers' earnings. Second, service availability -- an important aspect of service quality that is generally overlooked during fare policy debates -- should be a central consideration in fare setting, given the considerable impact of fares on availability. Finally, where the supply of cabs needs to be expanded, the number of cabs can be significantly increased without harming the revenue stream of existing operators. This finding alleviates a major industry objection to issuing additional taxicab licenses.     

Parking policies in large cities in Germany

This article deals with highly motorized large West German cities of about 200,000 inhabitants and more, which usually provide reasonable public transport systems. Illegal parking with shares of about 40 to 50% of the total parking is widespread in the parking problem areas of those cities, especially in the inner-city residential and mixed-use areas. Parking spaces are demanded by residents, employees, customers and visitors, and by delivery and service traffic. The different characteristics of parking demands by different user groups are discussed. The total parking supply consists of public and private spaces. The share of private spaces is about 40 to 50% of the total parking spaces in German cities. The amount of car traffic generated by a parking space depends on parking duration and parking turnover, as well as on search traffic. So the change of a space from long-duration use of an employee to short-duration of customers — as often discussed in parking concepts — generates at least five-fold car traffic. The measurements and effects of parking control of public spaces as well as the parking regulations in zoning ordinances, restrictions on the construction of new private parking spaces and park-and-ride are discussed. Finally, a parking concept methodology — using the example of Frankfurt am Main — is discussed.     

Choice of parking: Stated preference approach

Over recent years, parking policy has become a key element of transport policy in many countries. Parking policy measures can affect many different dimensions of travel behaviour but are likely to be most significant in terms of travellers' choice of parking type and location. This dimension of travel choice has, to date, received comparatively little attention, yet is of vital importance if we are to properly understand and predict the effects of parking policy measures.This paper presents two studies addressing this issue carried out in the United Kingdom and Germany. Both studies used a stated preference approach in order to collect disaggregate data on travellers responses to changes in parking attributes and used these data to build simple logit models of parking type choice. The studies were designed in order to allow comparable choice models to be estimated from the two datasets. The results obtained strongly indicate the need to separately identify the costs associated with different components of the parking activity (e.g., general in-vehicle time, parking search time, egress time) and also point to the existence of significant differences in the relative valuation of these components across different journey purposes. Where possible, the results of the choice modelling exercises are also compared with existing revealed and stated preference results and are found to be generally in line with prior expectations.     

一般工业固废在公路行业应用及政策与标准现状

在我国工业化高速发展的今天,一般工业固体废弃物的资源化利用备受瞩目,其中,一般工业固废在公路行业的应用是一个具有显著效益的途径。本文分析了目前工业固废在国内外公路行业的应用现状、我国相关政策的制订情况以及现行的相关标准,提出了该领域下目前存在的不足和相应的决策建议,为一般工业固废在公路行业应用的发展和标准化体系构建提供参考。