航海气象传真图的降噪处理

气象传真图是船舶驾驶员预知航行区域的气象信息及海况的主要途径.受电磁波和收发装置的影响,气象传真图在传输、接收的过程中会产生高斯噪声和椒盐噪声,严重时会导致接收到的气象传真图模糊不清和失真,这会影响船舶驾驶员的分析和决策.为此,基于偏微分方程(PDE)建立数学模型,对含有噪声的气象传真图进行降噪处理,取得了明显的效果,这为提高气象传真图的质量提供了一种可行方法.同时,这种方法也可运用于船舶其它的电子图像设备(如电子海图,雷达,AIS),有效降噪、提高图像质量.     

综合交通枢纽智慧停车场一体化设计关键技术研究

综合交通枢纽智慧停车场的建设可以实现枢纽客流的快速疏散,提高枢纽运行效率,降低管控压力。目前交通枢纽停车场的建设更注重停车场自身运营管理中智慧系统的建设,但对旅客停车出行链缺乏一体化融合,对周边交通缺乏一体化协同,并出现多主体管理缺乏信息交互的情况。结合智慧停车场功能需求,研究实现功能需求的关键技术,希望为综合交通枢纽智慧停车场建设提供经验借鉴与思考。     

有轨电车氢燃料电池系统通风散热方法研究

为解决有轨电车氢燃料电池系统的散热问题,文章提出一种新型车载氢燃料电池系统通风散热方法,分析了该方法的散热原理和控制策略,并对通风散热结构进行了详细介绍.该车载氢燃料电池系统通风散热方法提高了系统散热效率,降低了散热风机能耗.     

天然气管道干燥技术

介绍了几种天然气管道常用的干燥方法,并进行了对比.重点介绍了目前国内常用的干空气干燥法和真空干燥法的基本原理、工艺流程和各自的优缺点,分析了影响干空气干燥法和真空干燥法的各种因素,提出了干燥合格的标准及注意事项.     

带缺陷隧道底板结构空气耦合冲击回波响应特性研究

针对隧道底板中空腔、含水、裂缝等结构内部损伤情况,为提高传统接触式冲击回波方法的检测效率,从气-固耦合的角度出发,以空气作为底板结构与检测系统之间应力波传播的耦合介质,开展隧道底板结构内部缺陷的空气耦合冲击回波响应特性研究。研究结果表明： 1）采用空气耦合冲击回波的方法确定的底板结构内部缺陷深度与缺陷理论深度值基本吻合; 2）检测系统的精度与缺陷尺寸及深度有关,随着缺陷尺寸的减小及深度增加,检测精度逐渐降低; 3）空气耦合冲击回波方法对空腔和含水缺陷的检测效果优于裂缝缺陷检测效果。     

A fuzzy stochastic approach to the multicriteria selection of an aircraft for regional chartering

This article deals with the problem of decision support for the selection of an aircraft. This is a problem faced by an airline company that is investing in regional charter flights in Brazil. The company belongs to an economic group whose core business is logistics. The problem has eight alternatives to be evaluated under 11 different criteria, whose measurements can be exact, stochastic, or fuzzy. The technique chosen for analyzing and then finding a solution to the problem is the multicriteria decision aiding method named NAIADE (Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments). The method used allows tackling the problems by working with quantitative as well as qualitative criteria under uncertainty and imprecision. Another considerable advantage of NAIADE over other multicriteria methods relies in its characteristics of not requiring a prior definition of the weights by the decision maker. As a conclusion, it can be said that the use of NAIADE provided for consistent results to that aircraft selection problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Costs of air pollutants from shipping: a meta-regression analysis

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulphur dioxides (SO₂) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM_2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM_2.5 and lowest for NO_x. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM_2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism.     

隧道长度对瞬变压力的影响

与阻塞比和车速不同,隧道长度对瞬变压力的影响呈现出明显的非单调性。这是在高速铁路隧道设计中必须考虑的问题。根据现场实测资料,研究分析了压力波的传播、反射和叠加规律,提出了单线隧道相应于压力变化不同情况的"最不利隧道长度"的计算图表及公式。     

Toxic air pollutants and trucking productivity in the US

This paper introduces toxic air pollutants into the measurement of trucking productivity to obtain true productivity growth. Our results show that omitting or ignoring toxic air pollutants in measuring trucking productivity yields statistically significant biased productivity estimates in for 2002-2005. Trucking productivity growth was understated by the traditional productivity measure, because the latter did not account for reductions in truck air pollution over time. We also find that the difference between traditional and environmental efficiency scores was negligible, suggesting that environmental constraint did not distort efficiency in the trucking sector.     

客车底盘制动系储气筒容积的计算与选择

结合SX6124GK93L型客车底盘设计,介绍客车底盘制动系储气筒容积的计算与选择。