浮码头与旁靠船舶的运动响应特性研究

本文基于三维势流理论，采用数值分析方法研究了浮码头与散货船旁靠系泊的运动特性。考虑缆绳和护舷的非线性特性，探求了波浪周期对浮体运动、系缆力的影响规律。研究结果表明：考虑间隙内水体运动影响，旁靠散货船在横浪条件下的纵摇和纵荡运动有所增大。浮码头在计算工况下，缆绳受力较大，在某些工况条件下超出了国际系缆力标准的要求，旁靠散货船的缆绳在计算工况下均未超标，满足要求。研究结果为浮码头系泊系统的设计及工程运营提供理论参考。     

Pragmatic regularization of element-dependent effects in finite element simulations of ductile tensile failure initiation using fine meshes

For the evaluation of the structural response in accidental scenarios like ship collisions, the simulation of tensile failure initiation is inevitable. Here, one difficulty is that the process of failure initiation is a very local process, which cannot be simulated in its details at present due to the computing effort which would be required. However, there are various approaches how the failure initiation can be simplified and simulated in finite element models of large thin-walled structures. A short overview of these approaches is given. A pragmatic approach, which is suitable for relatively small elements for the simulation of failure initiation in uniaxial to biaxial stress states, is chosen within this paper for further investigations regarding the applicability for thin-walled steel structures. Exemplary simulations with solid and, in particular, shell elements are used to demonstrate how the effects of element size and other element properties can be considered in the simulation of failure initiation. The focus is also on imperfections that are relevant in simulations with small elements. For this purpose, an indentation experiment is simulated with different imperfections.     

地铁隧道二次衬砌钢筋网防裂性能研究

为了定量分析防裂钢筋网提高隧道衬砌结构抗裂性能的机理和幅度,以地铁双线隧道二次衬砌结构为研究对象,采用荷载结构法和杆系有限元数值模拟方案,定量分析二次衬砌结构不设置与设置钢筋网这2种情况下的开裂临界荷载。其中素混凝土结构以达到极限拉应变为临界状态,衬砌结构增设钢筋网后以达到GB 50157-2013《地铁设计规范》允许的最大裂缝宽度0.2mm为临界状态。分析结果表明,配置防裂钢筋网后,Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级围岩衬砌结构抗裂性能可分别提高22.4%和19.3%,Ⅴ级围岩衬砌结构抗裂性能提高15.2%;Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级围岩二次衬砌结构的破坏形式由脆性破坏变为延性破坏,从而提高了其安全性能。     

基于广义费用函数的城际铁路分时定价策略研究

随着我国城市群的发展,区域内部各城市之间的客流需求不断增长,城际铁路作为城市间出行的主要方式,客流在高峰、低谷时段具有明显的不均衡性。为了更加平稳有序地提供高质量服务,充分发挥票价调节供需匹配关系的作用,对城际铁路分时定价策略进行研究,构建不同时刻、不同运输方式的旅客出行广义费用函数,建立双层规划模型,优化不同时段城际铁路票价,并结合Frank-Wolfe算法和带有惯性权重的粒子群算法,求解双层规划模型。最后,以京津城际铁路为例,验证了分时定价策略可以使客流分布更加均衡,并提高铁路运输部门收益。     

基于改进极限学习机的公交站点 短时客流预测方法

以公交车IC 卡和GPS数据为基础，提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法优化极限学习机(IPSO-ELM)的公交站点短时客流预测模型.依托IC 卡和GPS 数据在站点的特征表现和内在联系，定义了站点间距，并分析了站间距和车辆到总站距离间的联系；提出了公交乘客上车站点确定方法，进而得到公交站点上车客流量；通过分析公交客流数据特征，确定ELM输入参数维度，并采用IPSO 算法找到ELM的最优隐含层节点参数；最后依托广州市19 路公交车客流数据仓库进行了方法验证.结果表明：所用优化后的ELM方法预测误差在10%以内，并与应用广泛的SVM、ARIMA和传统ELM模型进行对比分析，发现改进的ELM方法拥有更高的可靠性和泛化性能.     

盾构隧道整体道床剥离病害规律研究北大核心CSCD

盾构隧道整体道床的剥离病害已严重影响地铁的安全运营。为研究整体道床剥离病害的规律,文章以国内某运营地铁线路为工程背景,建立整体道床-管片-注浆层数值模型进行分析研究。结果表明:列车轮组作用在道床一侧靠近伸缩缝位置时会引起较大的道床剥离变形,是最不利位置;列车荷载在振动作用下引起的剥离量远大于静载作用时的,且两者间存在函数关系;伸缩缝位置是最易发生剥离的区域,剥离首先发生在伸缩缝两侧边缘,随列车动载作用时间增加,剥离区域扩展至伸缩缝1.5 m范围内;注浆层刚度与接触面黏结强度均是影响剥离量的重要因素,提升注浆层刚度和道床-管片接触面的黏结强度可有效减少剥离量。     

基于深度学习和监测数据的桥梁损伤识别方法

为了挖掘桥梁健康监测数据蕴含的大量隐藏信息,以及改进传统结构损伤识别方法的不足之处,提出了基于桥梁监测数据的损伤识别方法。从有限元模拟数据和实际监测数据中分别提取加速度响应,并对原始数据进行了预处理。通过卷积神经网络和栈式自编码网络分别对明州大桥监测数据的可视化图像和时间序列进行识别,同时与浅层神经网络方法的识别正确率对比。结果表明:基于深度学习和监测数据的损伤识别方法不论是通过图像识别还是通过时间序列识别,都表现出优秀的性能:识别正确率达85%以上。与浅层神经网络相比,深度神经网络的损伤工况分类能力更强,识别正确率提高20%以上。     

Numerical study on the dynamic response of a truncated ship-hull structure under asymmetrical slamming

Dynamic response of ship-hull structure under slamming has tracked widespread attention in the marine structural design. However, our understanding on the dynamic characteristics largely relies on the symmetrical slamming cases. This paper presented a preliminary numerical investigation on the dynamic response of a truncated ship-hull structure under asymmetrical slamming based on the uncoupled CFD-FE method. Asymmetrical slamming loads were predicted through combining the seakeeping analysis and CFD method. In there, three kinds of motions (vertical, horizontal and roll motions) of 2D ship sections were obtained through the seakeeping analysis and then the slamming pressure was predicted through simulating the water entry with various motions based on CFD method. The dynamic response was analyzed through finite element method. Numerical predictions including ship motions, slamming loads and dynamic analysis were validated against published experimental data and numerical calculations. The characteristics of asymmetrical slamming loads were analyzed showing obvious asymmetry in space, and the dynamic characteristic of the ship bow structure was further clarified through discussing the deformation and stress distribution. These results are useful for readers for better understanding the dynamic characteristics of the bow structure under slamming.     

全预制盾构隧道边箱涵精细化施工分析

依托京张高铁清华园隧道工程,介绍清华园隧道工程及其隧道内边箱涵施工工法,并详细讨论边箱涵预制化施工的优缺点。盾构隧道采用全预制轨下结构有5大优点:降低施工现场环境污染,有效改善施工现场工人作业环境,有助于提高工程整体施工效率,降低施工作业风险水平,保障钢筋混凝土构件的质量水平。但依然存在以下缺点:提升构件制造及运输维护费用,构件现场吊装精度要求较高。针对清华园隧道边箱涵吊装施工精细化施工问题进行有限元分析,发现由于边箱涵重心两侧吊装孔距不同,会导致边箱涵近重心侧产生应力集中现象,同时将随着吊装误差的提高应力集中现象显著提升。为保证边箱涵的精细化施工,边箱涵吊装误差不得超过60 mm,两侧边箱涵左右交错拼装施工,建议未来类似工程中异形构件吊装孔设计应考虑吊装误差产生的影响。     

基于未确知测度理论的隧道施工瓦斯灾害风险评价

选取煤层厚度、煤层瓦斯含量、回风流平均瓦斯浓度、相对瓦斯涌出量、岩石类型、连通封闭性、深度值、隧道跨度、隧道长度、通风风速和涌水量等11项瓦斯灾害指标作为隧道施工瓦斯灾害风险评价指标体系,并建立各指标的等级标准。将序关系分析法(G1)和反熵权法(AEW)运用拉格朗日乘子法确定组合权重,构建各指标的单指标测度函数,并计算出各指标的综合测度评价向量。为了优化未确知测度置信度识别准则,引进集对分析(SPA)关联系数确定各隧道的瓦斯灾害风险等级。并对24个瓦斯隧道进行瓦斯灾害评价,并和FDA法评价结果和现场实测结果进行对比,精度达到91.7%,基本符合实际情况,表明了该评价方法合理有效,可为隧道施工瓦斯灾害评价提供理论参考。