HX_D1型交流传动机车辅助变压器通风冷却系统过滤分析与改进

介绍了HXD1机车辅助变压器柜及机械间通风冷却系统的构成,分析了通风冷却系统的过滤原理.通过试验数据说明了通风冷却系统的过滤效率.详细介绍了改进型通风冷却过滤系统的过滤原理及效果.     

Distributed and self-adaptive vehicle speed estimation in the composite braking case for four-wheel drive hybrid electric car

Considering the controllability and observability of the braking torques of the hub motor, Integrated Starter Generator (ISG), and hydraulic brake for four-wheel drive (4WD) hybrid electric cars, a distributed and self-adaptive vehicle speed estimation algorithm for different braking situations has been proposed by fully utilising the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) sensor signals and multiple powersource signals. Firstly, the simulation platform of a 4WD hybrid electric car was established, which integrates an electronic-hydraulic composited braking system model and its control strategy, a nonlinear seven degrees-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model, and the Burckhardt tyre model. Secondly, combining the braking torque signals with the ESP signals, self-adaptive unscented Kalman sub-filter and main-filter adaptable to the observation noise were, respectively, designed. Thirdly, the fusion rules for the sub-filters and master filter were proposed herein, and the estimation results were compared with the simulated value of a real vehicle speed. Finally, based on the hardware in-the-loop platform and by picking up the regenerative motor torque signals and wheel cylinder pressure signals, the proposed speed estimation algorithm was tested under the case of moderate braking on the highly adhesive road, and the case of Antilock Braking System (ABS) action on the slippery road, as well as the case of ABS action on the icy road. Test results show that the presented vehicle speed estimation algorithm has not only a high precision but also a strong adaptability in the composite braking case.     

颗粒捕集器喷油助燃再生旋流式燃烧器流场特性分析

颗粒捕集器喷油助燃再生燃烧器内的流场分布对气流组织及油气混合有重要影响,而供风形式是燃烧器内流场特性的主要影响因素之一.为了在燃烧室内形成稳定持续的回流,促进油气混合进程,分别采用双矩形口切向供风和直片式轴向旋流器供风两种供气形式,设计等入口截面面积的两种供风系统结构,并在相同发动机排气和补气条件下对燃烧器冷流场进行仿真分析.分析结果表明,两种供风形式均能形成可回流到油气混合室端面的中心回流区,轴向旋流器供风时的中心回流区的长度、最大回流速度、突扩位置的重附着区长度分别比双矩形口切向供风时大8.11%,5.63%和9.59%,且轴向旋流器供风时的湍动能大于双矩形口切向供风.对比结果显示,利用轴向旋流器供风更有利于促进混合过程的进行,对气流的组织更合理.     

柴油机DOC+CDPF系统的过滤和再生性能试验研究

基于氧化催化转化器(DOC)+催化型颗粒捕集器(CDPF)系统开展了发动机台架试验,对比系统前后的颗粒物粒径分布,获得了系统的过滤效率,同时也测量了该系统在各稳态工况下的再生效率.研究结果表明:该系统对颗粒物的过滤效率在发动机的各个工况均能达到95%以上;系统前的颗粒物数量浓度呈单峰分布,主要为核模态;系统后颗粒物数量浓度呈双峰分布,峰值分别在10 nm和150 nm左右,且10 nm左右波峰峰值最大;再生效率随着再生温度的升高呈上升趋势,测试系统的起燃温度在250℃以下;再生效率均随着再生时间的增加而增加,但在再生后期明显变缓;在较高的再生温度时,颗粒担载量增大将有利于提高再生速率.     

陶瓷颗粒含量对 Cr-Al 2O3活塞环抗黏着性能的影响

通过贫油试验的方法对陶瓷颗粒含量分别为0,1．01％,1．68％,2．82％,3．45％,4．38％的 Cr‐Al2 O3活塞环的抗黏着性能进行评价,并探讨了 Cr‐Al2 O3活塞环镀层中陶瓷颗粒含量对活塞环抗黏着性能的作用机制。试验结果表明：含有陶瓷颗粒的 Cr‐Al2 O3环的抗黏着性能优于不含陶瓷颗粒的 Cr‐Al2 O3环,且其抗黏着性能与陶瓷颗粒含量相关。当陶瓷颗粒含量为2．82％时,抗黏着性能最好,陶瓷颗粒含量在0～2．82％时,Cr‐Al2 O3环抗黏着性能随陶瓷颗粒含量的增多而提高,陶瓷颗粒含量大于2．82％时,Cr‐Al2 O3环抗黏着性能随陶瓷颗粒含量的增多而降低。     

基于SPH方法的水下接触爆炸数值模拟

水下爆炸涉及的物理现象极其复杂,特别是水下接触爆炸数值模拟极为困难.文章编制了基于体积近似的修正SPH方法计算程序,成功模拟了水下接触爆炸冲击波传播和结构破坏的整个过程.文中通过模拟圆柱形装药对水中结构的破坏,发现了钢结构的破坏模式、背空钢板处冲击波的传播特性.结果表明,修正SPH方法在高密度比介质的交界面处仍能反映基本的物理过程,在解决高速、强压缩和高密度比的多相流问题时具有较大优势.该文计算结果旨在为舰船水下接触爆炸相关研究提供参考.     

Including heavy vehicles in a car‐following model: modelling,calibrating and validating

Heavy vehicles influence general traffic in many different ways compared with passenger vehicles, and this may result in different levels of traffic instability. Increases in the number and proportion of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream will therefore result in different traffic flow conditions. This research initially outlines the different car‐following behaviour of drivers in congested heterogeneous traffic conditions indicating the necessity for developing a car‐following model, which includes these differences. A psychophysical car‐following model, similar in form to Weideman's car‐following model, was developed. Due to the complexity of the developed model, the calibration of the model was undertaken using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm with the data recorded under congested traffic conditions. This was then incorporated into a traffic microsimulation model. The results showed that the car‐following perceptual thresholds and thus action points of drivers differ based on their vehicle and the lead vehicle types. The inclusion of the heavy vehicles in the model showed significant impacts on the traffic dynamic and interactions amongst different vehicles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

沥青混合料摊铺离析机理分析与控制措施

采用动力学理论分析了沥青混合料在摊铺机螺旋布料器里形成离析的运动规律,依据现场摊铺离析现象,将摊铺离析划分为横向离析、竖向离析、纵向带状离析和窝状离析类型,提出摊铺机构造设计的改进技术措施。试验结果表明,通过对摊铺机进行有效的改进,可明显地减小混合料的摊铺离析。     

图像复原技术在沥青混合料自动检测中的应用探索

陈述了图像复原技术的基础知识,推导了图像复原技术中的逆滤波、盲反卷积滤波和维纳滤波的基本模型;结合这些推导出的模型,给出了各种图像复原模型在沥青混合料自动检测技术中的应用情况;通过对比分析,得出结论:维纳滤波对于沥青混合料数字图像特征参数的提取精度的提高有着显著的效果。     

环境友好型减震降噪沥青路面技术研究

该文提出了橡胶粒应用于沥青混合料中的有关技术要求,针对粗橡胶粒SMA沥青混合料进行了室内的试验研究,并据此提出了具有良好路用性能的橡胶粒掺量。同时通过野外的噪声检测,验证了橡胶粒沥青路面具有良好的减震降噪效果。