结构参数变化对长寿命沥青路面力学性能的影响分析

选取合理的路面结构与参数取值范围,采用有针对性的网格划分方法,建立了科学的长寿命沥青路面结构力学响应三维有限元分析模型;并以典型长寿命沥青路面结构为对象,分析总结出结构参数变化时长寿命沥青路面力学响应的变化趋势.     

设计变更对船舶建造中材料成本的影响分析

船舶建造工程属于复杂系统工程,多发的设计变更对材料成本的变动增加了更多不确定性。文章从成本管理角度,分析了设计变更产生原因及分类,对材料成本影响的因果关系和不同阶段下的设计变更对材料成本的影响。在此基础上提出变更数据的采集方法,并用案例分析说明了各种变更原因对材料成本的影响程度。文章的研究结果为企业设计变更决策提供有用的参考。     

高温渣罐车通过时隧道内的热传递

研究了高温渣罐车通过隧道时,因高温热源的传热影响而使隧道内温度场发生变化,隧道内动态热源的热传递问题,并结合实例计算出了隧道内的温度分布情况。     

海上漂浮式输油管线内部流体流速引起管线变形的研究

通过对海上漂浮式输油管线进行受力分析,建立其内部流体流速变化对管线作用的数学模型.利用ADINA软件,采用流固耦合方法,对DN100野战输油管线进行了分析,研究了管线的变形情况,并将其与理论计算结果进行了比较,验证了该模型的可行性.     

CaCO_3填充PVC的机械化学改性

用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(IR)等表征方法,研究了碳酸钙填充改性PVC的制备及其影响因素.结果表明:碳酸钙含量少时,研磨后颗粒分散效果不好;随着碳酸钙含量的增加,分散均匀,达到95%时分散最好,此时由扫描电镜和能谱分析可发现两者发生包覆现象;当碳酸钙含量增大到100%时,颗粒发生团聚;从X射线衍射分析可以看出,研磨后碳酸钙的晶型发生很大变化,由晶态向非晶态转变;从红外光谱图可以看出,研磨后物质的官能团发生变化,证明PVC包覆CaCO3过程中,PVC内部结构发生很大变化.     

Will autonomous vehicles change residential location and vehicle ownership? Glimpses from Georgia

Many studies have begun investigating possible transportation landscapes in the autonomous vehicle (AV) era, but empirical results on longer-term decisions are limited. We address this gap using data collected from a survey designed and implemented for Georgia residents in 2017–2018. Focusing on a hypothetical all-AV future, this section of the survey included questions regarding advantages/disadvantages of AVs, short-term mode choice impacts, medium-term impacts on activity patterns, and long-term behavioral changes – specifically, whether/how AVs will influence individuals to change residential location and the number of cars in the household. We hypothesize that AVs could act in concert with attitudinal preferences to stimulate changes in these long-term decisions, and that some medium-term activity changes triggered by AVs could motivate people to relocate their residence or shed household vehicles. We applied exploratory factor analysis to measure the perceived likelihood that AVs would prompt various medium-term changes. We then included some of those measures, among other variables, in a cross-nested logit (CNL) model of the choice of the residential location/vehicle ownership bundle. Although more than half of respondents expected “no change” in their bundle, we found that younger, lower income, pro-suburban, and pro-non-car-mode individuals were more likely to anticipate changing their selections. In addition, some expected medium-term impacts of AVs influenced changes in these longer-term choices. We further applied the CNL model to two population segments (Atlanta and non-Atlanta-region residents). We found notable improvement in goodness of fit and different effects of factors across segments, signifying the existence of geography-related taste heterogeneity.     

生命体验的淡化与近代小说劝惩观念的新变

小说的劝惩观念是文人社会诉求的一个重要向度,也是小说自身提升文类地位的手段。强化生命体验和遵从劝惩观念,构成了小说艺术进路中的一对矛盾,它影响着小说观念的近代化进程。近代小说家过分关注具体的社会问题,而忽略了对人生体验和生命价值的探索和关注。近代小说观念的整合与自救,则超越和突破了劝惩观念的规范空间。     

高速列车通过截面突变隧道时压力波的数值模拟研究

高速铁路隧道压力波是铁路高速化中日益突出的问题之一,而高速列车通过截面突变隧道时压力波特性目前研究较少。本文根据高速列车通过隧道过程中引起空气流动的特点,在对复杂空气流动现象进行合理简化的基础上,采用一维可压缩不等熵非定常流体流动模型和广义黎曼变量特征线法发展了截面突变隧道压力波的数值计算方法,并给出了相应的边界条件,随后与国外典型试验数据进行了比较,证明本方法的正确性。在此基础上本文分别对单车和会车通过截面突变隧道的压力波进行了数值分析,对揭示截面突变隧道内压力波特征及截面突变对隧道压力波的影响有一定的意义。     

Land Changes and Conflicts Coordination in Coastal Urbanization: A Case Study of the Shandong Peninsula in China

The coastal zone is an interaction region between land and ocean and an interface of geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere, as well as greatly affected by human activities. Driven by economic activities and increased population, urbanization is rapidly developing in coastal zones, and a series of land resource and environmental conflicts have occurred, especially in developing countries at times of economic transition. This article reports a case study of the Shandong Peninsula of East China. We analyze the land-use practices and land cover changes of six cities over a timeframe of nearly a decade. We then review the management conflict issues. The most commonly encountered conflicts fall into three categories: those between expanding constructed land and decreased cultivated land; those between land resource utilization and conservation; and those between increasing demand for land and degrading land quality. All in all, they reflect the fundamental conflicts between short-term economic development gains and long-term food security and ecosystem sustainability. This article puts forward an institutional approach to coordinate these conflicts so as to realize integrated and coordinated coastal management.     

船舶建造工程变更对成本的影响因素分析

船舶建造工程属于复杂系统工程,多发的工程变更为系统增加了更多的不确定性。文章以系统动力学理论为基础,从成本管理视角,通过对船舶建造工程变更对成本影响的因果分析,建立了工程变更系统动力学成本模型,并利用Vensim软件对模型进行了仿真,实现了复杂问题的定量化研究。文章的研究结果为企业进行工程变更决策提供有用的参考。