稀土改性冷补材料在国防公路养护中的应用

通过对国防公路路面养护与修补存在问题分析,研究了稀土改性冷补材料的机理,总结了稀土改性沥青路面低温冷补养护材料具备性能良好、操作简便、无专用设备和气候条件要求等特点,该材料在低温条件下修补,既能达到传统热补沥青的要求,又能弥补热补施工的缺点。为未来公路的养护,特别是对国防公路的建设、维修和战时抢修提供了更为有效的方法。     

A hybrid optimization-simulation approach for robust weekly aircraft routing and retiming

We address the robust weekly aircraft routing and retiming problem, which requires determining weekly schedules for a heterogeneous fleet that maximizes the aircraft on-time performance, minimizes the total delay, and minimizes the number of delayed passengers. The fleet is required to serve a set of flights having known departure time windows while satisfying maintenance constraints. All flights are subject to random delays that may propagate through the network. We propose to solve this problem using a hybrid optimization-simulation approach based on a novel mixed-integer nonlinear programming model for the robust weekly aircraft maintenance routing problem. For this model, we provide an equivalent mixed-integer linear programming formulation that can be solved using a commercial solver. Furthermore, we describe a Monte-Carlo-based procedure for sequentially adjusting the flight departure times. We perform an extensive computational study using instances obtained from a major international airline, having up to 3387 flights and 164 aircraft, which demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed approach. Using the simulation software SimAir to assess the robustness of the solutions produced by our approach in comparison with that for the original solutions implemented by the airline, we found that on-time performance was improved by 9.8–16.0%, cumulative delay was reduced by 25.4–33.1%, and the number of delayed passengers was reduced by 8.2–51.6%.     

Integrated approach to determine highway flooding and critical points of drainage

Among the natural hazards that threaten transportation infrastructure, flooding represents a major hazard to highways as it challenges their design, operation, efficiency and safety. In extreme cases, it may lead to massive obstruction of traffic and direct damages to the road structures themselves and indirect damages to the economic activity and development of the region. To enable the prevention of such consequences, and the proposition of adaptive measures for existing infrastructure, this paper presents an integrated framework to identify the most vulnerable points to flooding along a highway. This is done through the combination of remote sensing information (e.g. LiDAR based Digital Elevation Model, satellite imagery), a high-quality dataset, and a quasi-2D hydrodynamic model. The forcing condition is defined using a hyetograph associated to a storm with duration of 1 day and return period of 100 years. The selected highway is located in the Mexican state of Tabasco, where extreme precipitation events and floods are frequent. Results demonstrate the ability of the methodology to identify critical water levels along the road (h > 1.50 m) at those locations where flooding has been experienced, as well as points of inspection for the highway drainage. These locations were visited in the field and maintenance problems were detected that do increase its level of exposure. We show that this framework is useful for the generation of a flood management strategy to the analyzed highway, which includes an optimum location of adaptive measures to an anticipated more intense future climate.     

动车组位置追踪系统常见问题影响分析及解决方法

从动车组位置追踪系统的系统原理、系统接口等方面出发,分析了系统日常应用过程中常见问题的影响,并给出了相应的解决方法,为动车段/所位置追踪系统的设计、应用和维护提供了积极的思路。     

大型客机运行监控与健康管理系统设计

总结了大型客机实时运行监控与健康管理的研究现状, 介绍了C919大型客机的健康管理系统总体架构, 将其划分为实时监控、健康状况趋势分析和预测以及故障诊断与维修决策3个功能模块。分析了实现该系统的地面实时监控技术、趋势分析及预测方法、剩余寿命预测方法、故障诊断算法、维修决策方法以及系统验证仿真技术等6个关键技术和方法, 并对本领域的研究和应用进行了展望。研究结果表明: 通过对飞机进行实时运行监控, 能够降低排故时间, 提高航班正点率, 易于飞机的调配, 提高飞机的利用率; 通过对飞机进行健康管理, 使技术人员能更有效地制定维修任务, 控制维修间隔, 实现预防性维护和视情维修, 从而大大降低维修成本, 提高飞机的可靠性及经济性, 同时也能为飞机的设计提供改善依据。     

基于群决策层次理论的预防性养护方案决策

基于高速公路预防性养护决策方案选择的特性,使用群决策理论的层次分析法,通过对决策组成员意见的集合,得到了各成员动态权重,减少主观误差,提高决策方案结果的客观可靠性。通过案例,将措施费用、行车特征、技术因素、施工因素等作为目标层,对4种备选方案进行分析,得出最佳措施。案例结果证明群决策方法的有效性与可靠性,为选择合理的养护措施提供参考。     

基于BIM的公路隧道运维管理系统设计与开发

近年来,我国公路隧道建设里程快速增长,但在隧道运维管理中存在技术落后、管理人员配置不足等问题。针对管理中存在的问题,本文提出将BIM(building information modeling,建筑信息模型)引入公路隧道的运维管理,通过制定具体实施规划及设计系统架构,实现可视化的公路隧道运维管理。以浙江省41省道岭下隧道工程为依托,建立基于BIM的公路隧道运维管理平台,为公路隧道运维管理提供一种直观、便捷的管理方式,提高公路隧道的信息化管理水平。     

基于物联网技术的高速铁路综合维修物流监控系统

提出了基于物联网技术的高速铁路综合维修物流作业管理流程及监控系统组成,并对该系统实现的关键技术问题即多阅读器碰撞问题进行了Matlab仿真实验和现场试验,研究结果表明利用概率功率控制算法的阅读器,在阅读器5台以下的情况,高铁综合维修物流监控系统多阅读器可利用嵌入式软件监控范围超过3.5 m,可达到比较理想的状态,保证了该系统实现的可行性.     

分段矩形天窗对京沪高速铁路通过能力影响分析

本文以高速铁路天窗分段为基本研究单位,按照沿线途中大站将京沪高速铁路划分为若干天窗分段,分析天窗分段对列车运行的影响时间范围。在统计列车平均停站系数、停站时分和起停车附加时分等参数的基础上,计算列车一次停站的能力扣除系数以及天窗影响时间范围内通过能力的扣除值,得出京沪高速铁路在开设分段矩形天窗时线路通过能力的理论值以及限制区段。     

长江下游福南水道港航功能调整及涉港水域平面布置

福姜沙河段是长江下游唯一的两级分汊、三汊(福南、福中和福北)并存且通航的河段,目前右汊即福南水道为主航道所在,且其右岸也是中国最大内河港苏州港张家港港区的主要作业区所在。根据长江南京以下河段12.5 m深水航道建设方案以及福南水道上口、转弯段水深不足或通航水域宽度不足的情况,结合福南水道内的港口岸线利用及泊位分布现状及其规划,本文分区段论证实际将成为专用进港航道的福南水道的航道等级及航道尺度,并对水道内港作业水域重新进行了平面布置。最后,采用数学模型对调整后的水域布置进行回淤研究,并提出初步的减淤措施。