盾构长距离下穿老旧平房的施工技术

北京地铁8号线二期盾构长距离下穿老旧平房群施工,在不具备平房拆迁和地面加固的条件下,通过严格落实盾构施工技术管理措施,信息化、精细化管理,有效控制了施工对地层的扰动,基本满足了房屋变形控制指标,对类似下穿施工有一定的借鉴意义。     

北京轨道交通站点周边步行空间连续性影响因素分析

以北京三环到四环片区的70个轨道交通站点为样本,从宏观层面步行网络的整体度和微观层面步行路径的通畅度两大层面分析站点周边步行空间的连续性,借助卫星图观测、地图标记及实地勘察等方法探寻其主导问题及影响因素。研究表明:北京城区站点周边步行网络整体度受主干道、快速路、高架桥三者影响最大,河流和铁路次之,少部分站点受轨道交通高架线路影响导致出入口周边地上与地面空间未能有效整合。借助行人出站后经常使用的步行流线从时间和空间的角度分析,影响步行路径通畅度的环境要素主要体现在过街设施的连接性、平面交叉口的时间阻隔效应以及建(构)筑物的双重导向性三大方面。为实现地铁乘客从出站至目的地的步行可达,从轨道交通线路及站点选址、站点出入口空间设计、站区环境要素及政策引导层面提出构建通畅连续的步行空间相关建议。     

圆砾泥岩复合地层泥水盾构下穿建筑物

泥水盾构机在圆砾、泥岩复合地层中掘进时,容易发生泥浆管、盾构机前仓进渣口堵塞(堵管堵仓)的现象,引起前仓压力波动,施工风险急剧增加。通过对盾构泥浆性能进行优化,降低堵管堵仓发生的概率;通过设定合理的前仓压力,优化掘进参数,保证开挖面的稳定,有效控制建筑物变形;之后选取正确的材料和施工工艺,利用同步注浆和二次补浆,有效控制地层和建筑物后续变形;同时利用信息化管理技术,采用自动化监测和信息化管理平台,使地下与地上联动,及时调整施工参数,更加有效地控制了建筑物沉降,为盾构机安全顺利下穿建筑物提供有力保障。     

城市轨道交通行人通道路阻函数拟合

介绍了由BPR函数拓展而得到的轨道交通站厅内行人流条件下的路阻函数形式,并对其影响因素进行分析.在此基础上,对南京地铁新街口站自动扶梯和人行楼梯上的行人流进行实地调查,用实测数据拟合确定了南京城市轨道交通行人通道的路阻函数模型.研究结果表明,经由实测数据标定得到的路阻函数模型拟合效果较好,可以为轨道交通车站内设施布设等...     

浅埋暗挖地铁车站地表沉降及既有线变形分析

浅埋暗挖地铁车站穿越既有地铁隧道施工地表沉降及既有线的变形的控制对施工及运营安全具有重要意义。以北京地铁4号线西单站下穿长安街,上跨地铁既有1号线开挖过程为例,在详细研究该区工程地质条件和地铁设计参数的基础上,采用FLAC^3D工程分析软件对地铁开挖过程及其引发的地表、拱顶及既有隧道的变形规律进行了数值模拟分析,优化开挖施工方案,模拟动态施工过程,合理设计隧道开挖步序,并对施工中的监控量测提出建议．指导地铁安全施工。     

渡海登岛作战车辆技术保障问题研究

分析了渡海登岛作战保障工作的特点,从技术防护、战损抢修、人员培训、维修设备及保障机制等方面对登岛作战中车辆的技术保障工作进行了深入分析,并提出了相应的对策。     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical analysis of the dynamic interaction between wheel set and turnout crossing using the explicit finite element method

A three-dimensional (3-D) explicit dynamic finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the impact of the wheel on the crossing nose. The model consists of a wheel set moving over the turnout crossing. Realistic wheel, wing rail and crossing geometries have been used in the model. Using this model the dynamic responses of the system such as the contact forces between the wheel and the crossing, crossing nose displacements and accelerations, stresses in rail material as well as in sleepers and ballast can be obtained. Detailed analysis of the wheel set and crossing interaction using the local contact stress state in the rail is possible as well, which provides a good basis for prediction of the long-term behaviour of the crossing (fatigue analysis). In order to tune and validate the FE model field measurements conducted on several turnouts in the railway network in the Netherlands are used here. The parametric study including variations of the crossing nose geometries performed here demonstrates the capabilities of the developed model. The results of the validation and parametric study are presented and discussed.     

汽车前部结构对行人碰撞伤害影响的仿真研究

以多刚体动力学分析方法,通过动力学仿真,对汽车与行人碰撞事故建模并进行模拟碰撞,得出行人数学模型的伤害指标.在模拟可靠性得到保证的基础上,通过对汽车前部的设计参数进行灵敏度分析,修改主要的设计参数,使汽车对行人保护的性能得到改进.通过模拟使用引擎盖升起机构后汽车与行人碰撞事故,得到的伤害指标与原始汽车模型对行人的伤害指标进行比较,发现引擎盖升起机构对行人可以起到有效的保护作用.     

北京奥运会羽毛球馆观众散场仿真方案对比

以北京2008年奥运会羽毛球赛事活动为例,应用行人仿真软件Legion对观众散场过程进行模拟,通过对仿真结果的分析,发现行人组织方案中存在的问题是观众散场过于集中、流线相互干扰、出口压力不均匀等.针对这些问题,提出相应的改善措施:削峰、设置引导员、消除流线干扰.通过仿真软件对改善方案进行校验,对比方案改善前后仿真结果显示:改善措施可以降低高峰持续时间,提高出口的服务水平,缓解高密度区域的拥挤现象,并能预防行人观众的步行安全隐患.