A case study related to the improvement of working and rest hours of oil tanker deck officers

Navigation safety on coastal waters is an extremely important issue. Fatigue is an important factor threatening navigation safety. Considering that the vessel type is an oil tanker, such a threat is not posed only to the crew but also to the environment. Most of the tankers navigating coastal waters are in the small tanker category. Therefore, this study examined the working and resting hours of the deck officers in the oil tankers navigating coastal waters. The study utilized the ISF Watchkeeper 3 program for assessing and interpreting the working periods. The study reached the conclusion that the first and second officers in particular are working under unsuitable conditions. To improve the working conditions of the deck officers, effects of additional cargo officer on board was investigated. This study is in quality of recommendation. The study elucidated that the cargo officer practice determines the working and resting hours of deck officers, in the work on the oil tankers, and compliance with the related conventions.     

Geographical variations in hurricane risk and legislative response

Abstract

Risk from the “natural event system”; of hurricanes varies greatly along the U.S. coastline, and so do the property and lives at risk. Damage potential from storm surge in the Miami area is less than a third that of the Tampa area. However, damage potential from winds in the Boston and New York areas exceeds that of either the Miami or Tampa areas. Passage of time since the great hurricane disasters near the turn of the century and improvements in the warning system may make coastal dwellers underestimate the likelihood of a hurricane catastrophe. But population growth near the coast has been more than three times the national average, and 10 of 58 coastal segments 50 miles in width more than doubled in population between 1960 and 1970. Twenty‐two segments increased by more than 25,000 people with six increasing by 150,000. Legislative response to the growing hazard has varied as widely as risk but is not clearly correlated with risk.     

浅析港区导热油锅炉房工艺系统设计

一般港口对低压高温热源的需求量大、供热用户点多且较分散,新建大型燃煤锅炉不仅要受港区大气污染物排放总量的限制,供热管网的输送能耗也很大,相比之下导热油锅炉更符合国家节能减排的要求和港区供热的特点。结合工程实例详细介绍导热油锅炉房液体与气体循环工艺系统的设计思路,论述导热介质、配套设备和附件的选用,以及锅炉房的暖通设计等关键技术问题。     

多目标进化算法在船舶设计中的应用

针对船舶概念设计阶段船型参数优化问题,根据快速性、操纵性、舱容衡准及基于经验公式建立船舶优化数学模型,采用改进的非支配解排序的多目标进化算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）,以推进系统总效率、舰船经验系数、相对回转直径及船舶造价4个参数为优化目标,选取若干设计变量,对50 000 DWT油船进行多目标优化.数值算例表明,改进的非支配解排序的多目标进化算法能够有效、客观地选择合理的船舶主尺度参数.     

实测法验证硅油减振器扭振参数

硅油减振器是船舶轴系中重要的减振部件,但其生产厂家往往仅根据理论给出其阻尼等关键参数,即假定减振器发挥最佳阻尼,实船测试结果表明,这种假定并不准确。通过理论计算和柴油机台架测试,给出确定硅油减振器扭振参数（当量惯量、阻尼）的有效方法。实测结果表明,该方法操作方便,能较好地验证柴油机和硅油减振器的扭振参数。     

九十米水深储油自升式平台的沉垫设计

我国海洋石油开发中广泛应用自升式平台,将自升式平台的沉垫设计为储油舱,使其具有水下储油功能.对储油自升式平台的沉垫进行结构设计,在舱室布置中提出两种模式.根据环境载荷,应用ANSYS软件对结构进行强度校核.结果表明:结构各部分均满足规范关于强度的要求.同时经对比优选,两种舱室布置模式均可行,且不设浮力舱更合理.     

循环式燃油系统故障仿真及特征分析

介绍了一种船舶柴油机用循环式燃油系统的结构特点,详细分析了这种燃油系统的燃油压力波形特征。对该不同燃油粘度、不同燃油比重和１２种典型故障下的燃油喷射过程进行了计算机仿真计算和特征参数的相对偏差分析,揭示了各种故障的燃油压力波形特征及与系统故障的内在联系,分析了各特征参数对不同故障的敏感特性。     

光谱分析技术在船舶燃料油与气缸油配伍研究中的应用

本文叙述了用原子吸收光谱分析方法研究船用重质燃料油与不同气缸油的配伍试验时使用 Bolnes 三缸柴油机和原子吸收光谱仪,通过测定废气缸油中铁、铬含量来确定气缸磨损情况,用磨损指数和清洁分散性系统地评价配伍效果。采用该方法,可在短期运行后不需停机,拆机,即可取样测定.原子吸收光谱分析法灵敏度高,精确度强,是一种有价值的方法.     

双联滤油器内部磨损的原因分析与改进设计

针对某引进型双联滤油器出现的零部件磨损问题,经分析其主要原因为进油射流的冲量作用于筒形滤芯组件的边缘,产生作用于滤芯组件的切向力并使其旋转,而滤芯组件本身未设置防转结构,导致动静部件之间产生碰擦磨损.改进设计为采用压板连接两滤芯组件,使其相互固定,从而避免转动.通过一定时间的使用验证,改进措施有效.     

烟台港西港区30万t级原油码头轴线方案研究

考虑到深水区域建设防波堤施工困难、费用昂贵,故大型深水泊位通常选择开敞式码头布置方案,本文以烟台港西港区30万t级原油码头为例,分析码头建设与所在区域风、浪、流等自然条件的相互关系,在确保船舶靠离泊作业的前提下,综合考虑码头作业天数,给出合理的码头轴线布置方案。