半柔性路面材料级配设计与性能研究

以体积法设计母体沥青混合料矿料级配,结合马歇尔、谢伦堡析漏和肯塔堡飞散试验确定混合料沥青用量。通过室内试验(车辙试验、浸水马歇尔试验)以及实验段现场性能检测(抗滑性能试验、渗水性能试验)评价其综合路用性能。结果表明,半柔性路面材料具有优良的高温稳定性、水稳定性和抗渗水性,但其抗滑性能稍显不足。     

Benefit of speed reduction for ships in different weather conditions

Currently, the shipping industry is facing a great challenge of reducing emissions. Reducing ship speeds will reduce the emissions in the immediate future with no additional infrastructure. However, a detailed investigation is required to verify the claim that a 10% speed reduction would lead to 19% fuel savings (Faber et al., 2012).This paper investigates fuel savings due to speed reduction using detailed modeling of ship performance. Three container ships, two bulk carriers, and one tanker, representative of the shipping fleet, have been designed. Voyages have been simulated by modeling calm water resistance, wave resistance, propulsion efficiency, and engine limits. Six ships have been simulated in various weather conditions at different speeds. Potential fuel savings have been estimated for a range of speed reductions in realistic weather.It is concluded that the common assumption of cubic speed-power relation can cause a significant error in the estimation of bunker consumption. Simulations in different seasons have revealed that fuel savings due to speed reduction are highly weather dependent. Therefore, a simple way to include the effect of weather in shipping transport models has been proposed.Speed reduction can lead to an increase in the number of ships to fulfill the transport demand. Therefore, the emission reduction potential of speed reduction strategy, after accounting for the additional ships, has been studied. Surprisingly, when the speed is reduced by 30%, fuel savings vary from 2% to 45% depending on ship type, size and weather conditions. Fuel savings further reduce when the auxiliary engines are considered.     

Sasowam及Sasobit改性沥青及温拌混合料温度性能对比试验研究

通过室内试验,对比分析了Sasowam及Sasobit两种改性剂对沥青的改性效果,并通过温拌混合料试验,研究了两种改性剂对混合料高温性能和低温性能的影响。     

铁矿尾矿砂在公路基层中的应用研究

对铁尾矿砂及尾矿砂加入石灰水泥后的物理力学性能进行了试验研究,并与石灰土进行对比。结果表明：铁尾矿砂掺加石灰、水泥后,其强度随着龄期而增长,具有半刚性材料的特性,用石灰、水泥稳定尾矿砂作为路面基层材料具有很好的路用性能,同时用石灰和水泥稳定的效果更佳。     

高速单体船航行性能与结构力学特征综合优化初步研究

建立高速单体船航行性能与结构力学特征综合优化的数学模型,将遗传算法改进成一种适应多目标和多约束的算法,并将其应用于高速单体船航行性能与结构力学特征综合优化计算问题,利用界面友好的VC 软件编程。优化结果表明,改进的遗传算法计算可靠、效率高,并为设计综合性能优良的高速单体船船型准备了良好的基础条件。     

面元法预估导管螺旋桨水动力性能的一种新方法

采用一种新的方法预估导管螺旋桨的水动力性能;导管和螺旋桨均采用基于速度势的面元法,它们间的影响通过相互的诱导速度势数值迭代来体现．与诱导速度体现相互影响的方法相比,本文方法可节省编程及计算时间;对JD系列导管螺旋桨的计算与实验结果的比较表明,该方法可以有效地预估导管螺旋桨的水动力性能．     

静载锚固性能试验影响因素分析

结合铁路工程钢绞线一锚具组装件的静载锚固性能试验检测,对影响试验结果的各种因素进行了分析,并指出相应的解决措施。提出试验过程的有效控制是试验科学性和数据结果可靠性的有力保证。     

Soil Body Deformation Caused by Construction of a Double-Line Shield Tunnel with Multiple Factors北大核心CSCD

Considering the influence of many factors (soil loss, frontal additional thrust, the friction force of the shield shell and the additional grouting force), a method for improving the uniform soil body movement model is pro-posed, and a mechanical calculation model is established to study the calculation method for soil body deformation caused by double-line parallel shield driving. Based on the Mindlin solutions of elastic mechanics, the theoretical solutions for soil body deformations caused by the last three factors are calculated; considering the uniform soil body movement model, the theoretical solutions for soil body deformations caused by soil loss are calculated, then the to-tal theoretical solutions for soil body deformations under multiple factors are obtained by means of superposition. The vertical surface settlement, vertical horizontal displacement, and vertical displacements of the soil body at different depths of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 are calculated to analyze the variation laws. Meanwhile the influential factors for horizontal displacement variation are studied. The research shows that with a change of depth, the settlement of the soil body changes within the scope of 10 to 13 m in the horizontal direction near where the maximum settlement occurs;the direction of the horizontal displacement of the soil body changes with a change of the positional relationship be-tween the calculation points and the tunnel; and with an increase of interval J for the two tunnels, the horizontal dis-placement of the soil body of a deep double-line tunnel decreases while the displacement near the surface changes slightly. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Vehicle mass as a determinant of fuel consumption and secondary safety performance

One interaction between environmental and safety goals in transport is found within the vehicle fleet where fuel economy and secondary safety performance of individual vehicles impose conflicting requirements on vehicle mass from an individual’s perspective. Fleet characteristics influence the relationship between the environmental and safety outcomes of the fleet; the topic of this paper. Cross-sectional analysis of mass within the British fleet is used to estimate the partial effects of mass on the fuel consumption and secondary safety performance of vehicles. The results confirmed that fuel consumption increases as mass increases and is different for different combinations of fuel and transmission types. Additionally, increasing vehicle mass generally decreases the risk of injury to the driver of a given vehicle in the event of a crash. However, this relationship depends on the characteristics of the vehicle fleet, and in particular, is affected by changes in mass distribution within the fleet. We confirm that there is generally a trade-off in vehicle design between fuel economy and secondary safety performance imposed by mass. Cross-comparison of makes and models by model-specific effects reveal cases where this trade-off exists in other aspects of design. Although it is shown that mass imposes a trade-off in vehicle design between safety and fuel use, this does not necessarily mean that it imposes a trade-off between safety and environmental goals in the vehicle fleet as a whole because the secondary safety performance of a vehicle depends on both its own mass and the mass of the other vehicles with which it collides.     

路基压实质量的影响因素分析

针对公路路基压实质量在公路施工中的重要性,结合已有的工程施工情况,总结出在路基压实中应注意的问题,并从筑路材料、压实设备、压实工艺等方面进行了分析和讨论。