公路交通可持续发展评价指标及评价方法研究

根据公路交通可持续发展评价的内容和特点,从公路交通可持续发展水平、发展能力、发展协调性3个方面建立了评价指标体系;提出了指标属性值和无量纲化的计算方法;应用模糊识别原理,结合AHP权重确定方法,依据公路交通可持续发展目标(级别划分)的实现程度,提出公路交通可持续发展的多级模糊识别综合评价模型;其评价方法和模型,反映了公路交通可持续发展的内涵,对区域公路交通可持续发展评价有借鉴作用。最后,进行了实证研究。     

液压马达实验方法研究

介绍了液压试验分类方式,根据其独具的特点对在用液压马达性能试验加载方法进行分析,并分类对工程机械用各种液压马达在泵工况下进行试验的可行性进行了探讨.     

汽车操纵稳定性的广义汽车转向稳态响应模型

针对传统汽车操纵稳定性理论的线性二自由度模型的不足,构建了一个新的广义汽车转向稳态响应模型,并说明了该模型的广泛适用性。以某不足转向轿车模型的有关参数为例,仿真计算并比较了应用两种模型时该轿车等速圆周行驶时的稳态响应状况,验证了广义模型的正确性,同时得到了一条有别于传统汽车操纵稳定性理论的重要结论。     

钱江四桥抗震性能分析

根据钱江四桥地震危险性分析得到的地震动参数,基于两水准设防、两阶段设计的抗震设计思想,采用反应谱和时程分析两种方法对该桥的抗震性能进行了比较分析,分析时考虑了桩-土的相互作用及材料、伸缩缝、支座等非线形效应影响。研究结果表明:钱江四桥的抗震性能满足预期的设计性能目标,不会因地震而破坏。     

半刚性基层材料路用性能的试验研究

通过室内试验,研究了3种半刚性基层材料(水泥碎石、水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石、二灰碎石)的强度特性、断裂韧度、干缩特性及疲劳性能,比较了它们的路用性能。试验结果表明:半刚性基层材料的断裂韧度与弯拉强度具有一定的相关性;二灰碎石与水泥类稳定碎石相比,强度和断裂韧度较低,干缩性能和疲劳性能较好;水泥类稳定碎石抗弯拉强度比二灰碎石高,可弥补其疲劳寿命衰减过快的不足;用粉煤灰代替部分水泥,有广泛的工程应用前景。     

计算机仿真研究平整度指标与路面状态的定量关系

参照平整度测量仪的结构及原理,用MATLAB科学计算语言对平整度的测量过程进行了模拟仿真,分析平整度指标与路面状态参数之间的定量关系,并阐述了此项研究对提出新的摊铺机自动找平系统的控制方式,提高路面平整度具有的实际意义与可行性.     

第三轨供电系统中受流器与第三轨的接触压力及其对受流性能的影响分析

介绍了第三轨受流器的结构原理。分析比较了弹簧式和气压式受流器与第三轨接触压力调节方式的特点。基于电接触基本理论详细的阐述了受流滑板与第三轨接触区的导电机理。接触区域的导电电路由无数微小的电阻及电容并联而成,接触压力通过影响微小电阻、电容的数量比例,进而影响接触面上的导电能力和磨损性能。标称静态接触压力的设计值接近或等于"法向压应力临界值"时,导电能力和磨损特性取得均衡。     

Urban walkability considering pedestrians’ perceptions of the built environment: a 10-year review and a case study in a medium-sized city in Latin America

ABSTRACT

Numerous methodologies measuring walkability have been developed over the last years. This paper reviews the Walkability Index (WI) literature of the last decade (2009–2018) and highlights some limitations in the current approaches. Only a few studies have evaluated walkability in Latin America, mainly in big cities but not in medium and small-sized cities in the region, which present their own urbanisation dynamics, security issues, sidewalk invasion problems, and poor planning. Furthermore, most WIs in the literature use objective mesoscale variables to assess walkability in a given area. This paper contributes to filling these gaps by generating new evidence from a medium-sized city in Latin America to question if characteristics of the built environment encourage walking trips, as found in the literature, are transferable among regions. The study also proposes a novel index comprised of microscale and mesoscale built environment variables to assess walkability using virtual tools and considering users’ perceptions. The WI estimation relies on ranking probability models. The results of the case study suggest that subjective Security and Traffic Safety are the most crucial factors influencing walkability in these kind of cities, which is different from what is found in the literature from cities in developed countries where Sidewalk Condition and Attractiveness are the most important factors. Security appeared to be strongly associated with a subjective dimension, represented by the fear of crime or perceived risk for crime, instead of the actual occurrence of crimes. This result evidences the importance of the physical attributes of the real world and how they are captured, judged, and processed by pedestrians. Then, regional transferability of WIs needs to be done carefully. Finally, results in this paper highlight the importance of microscale built environment characteristics in the WI formulation in these cities. Results are in line with other research in some cities of the region, which found that microscale variables such as pavement quality and presence of obstacles on the sidewalks are relevant components to promote walkability.     

F型与直壁型护栏在客车撞击下的仿真研究

为了对比研究A类防撞等级中F型混凝土护栏和直壁型混凝土护栏的防护性能,建立两种护栏与客车的有限元模型,运用ANSYS Workbench软件中显式动力学模块,控制仿真碰撞的试验参数,将大客车模型以规定的初速度和碰撞角度进行计算机仿真碰撞试验,从车辆的加速度、车辆运行轨迹、护栏的最大动态变形量等方面综合对比两种护栏的防护性能。结果表明:相比直壁式护栏,F型混凝土护栏防撞性能、安全性能、导向性能较好。     

车辆隔热壁K值计算中空气层的处理方法

对轨道交通车辆多层复合结构的隔热壁进行隔热性能理论计算与仿真计算的对比,对隔热壁内部空气层的隔热性能进行分析。结论为:在车辆多层复合结构的隔热壁K值计算中,当空气层厚度大于一定厚度时,流体自然对流对隔热壁的隔热性能影响较大。利用多项式密度(Polynomial Denisity)和Boussinesq模型两种算法,对所得结论进行了验证。