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191.
青藏铁路多年冻土区热棒路基温度场三维非线性分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
高温高含冰量的多年冻土地段,极易受外部条件的扰动而发生变化。针对此类冻土的特征,提出了热棒路基。根据带相变热传导有限元方法,对普通路基、热棒路基在未来50年青藏铁路沿线气温上升1.0℃情况下的温度场进行了预报分析和比较。计算结果表明,在年平均气温为-3.5℃或年平均地温为-1℃的地区,在青藏铁路50年的使用期内,普通路基在气温升高条件下路基下伏冻土都将发生融化,路基将会产生较大融沉变形,不能保证青藏铁路路基的稳定性。热棒路基具有主动冷却的作用,可以更好的保护冻土。路基计算结构表明,在未来50年气温上升1.0℃的条件下,在年平均气温为-3.5℃或地表温度为-1.0℃的青藏铁路沿线多年冻土地区,热棒路基可以抵消气候变暖的影响,可以保证路基下伏冻土不发生融化,从而可以保证路基的稳定性。 相似文献
192.
张永莉 《南通航运职业技术学院学报》2006,5(4):19-22
船舶工业综合性强、产业关联度大,对国民经济具有非常突出的拉动作用。在国际船市空前兴旺和国内造船业强劲增长的同时,南通船舶业得到迅猛发展。目前船舶业国内配套率太低,直接制约了船舶业的健康发展。因此,依托南通的比较优势,在港闸区规划建设南通船舶配套工业集中区,有利于迅速培育以船舶配套业为主要特色的产业板块,进而提升南通船舶业的竞争能力。 相似文献
193.
路基纵向裂缝是多年冻土地区道路的典型病害之一,严重影响了道路行驶质量和汽车运营安全.围绕该地区路基纵向裂缝的特点,提出了新建道路纵向裂缝的预防原则和具体防治对策,具有重要的工程应用价值. 相似文献
194.
32.6m全预应力后张法分片式简支T梁因其制作方便、施工进度快等优点在铁路桥涵中广范围使用。某组梁在预应力张拉后即在其端部相同位置出现贯穿其端部截面的裂缝。端部是锚固区布置的集中区域,锚下混凝土处于空间三维应力状态,受力十分复杂。该文通过三维空间ANSYS有限元实体模型,发现该组T梁的设计存在局部拉应力过大的现象,这也是其端部断面开裂的主要原因。为了在以后的设计中避免该问题的出现,该文总结了锚固区布置对该梁梁端局部应力影响规律,提出了改锚固区布置的方法及减小该梁端部易出现裂缝部位应力的措施,结果表明该方法简单可靠,所得结论和建议可供同类结构设计参考使用。 相似文献
195.
To mitigate airport congestion caused by increasing air traffic demand, the trajectory‐based surface operations concept has been proposed to improve surface movement efficiency while maintaining safety. It utilizes decision support tools to provide optimized time‐based trajectories for each aircraft and uses automation systems to guide surface movements and monitor their conformance with assigned trajectories. Whether the time‐based trajectories can be effectively followed so that the expected benefits can be guaranteed depends firstly on whether these trajectories are realistic. So, this paper first deals with the modeling biases of the network model typically used for taxi trajectory planning via refined taxiway modeling. Then it presents a zone control‐based dynamic routing and timing algorithm upon the refined taxiway model to find the shortest time taxi route and timings for an aircraft. Finally, the presented algorithm is integrated with a sequential planning framework to continuously decide taxi routes and timings. Experimental results demonstrate that the solution time for an aircraft can be steadily around a few milliseconds with timely cleaning of expired time windows, showing potential for real‐time decision support applications. The results also show the advantages of the proposed methodology over existing approaches. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
196.
Work zones exist widely on urban arterials in the cities that are undergoing road construction or maintenance. However, the existing studies on arterial work zones are very limited, especially on the work zones at urban intersections, although they have a severe negative impact on the urban traffic system. For the first time, this study focuses on how work zones reduce intersection capacity. A type of widely observed work zone, the straddling work zone that straddles on a road segment and an intersection, is studied. A linear regression model and a multiplicative model suggested by Highway Capacity Manual are proposed respectively to determine the saturation flow rate of the signal intersection with the straddling work zone. The data of 22 straddling work zones are collected and used to evaluate the performances of the proposed models. The results display that the linear regression model outperforms the multiplicative model suggested by Highway Capacity Manual. The study also reveals that reducing approach (or exit) lanes and the mixture of motor vehicles and non‐motor vehicles (and pedestrians) can significantly decrease the capacity of the intersection with straddling work zone. Therefore, in setting a straddling work zone, workers should try to ensure that the intersection approach and exit are unobstructed and set a separation for non‐motors and pedestrians to avoid mixed traffic flow. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
197.
Integrated land use and transportation forecasting models are used to assist decision-makers in the policy analysis and infrastructure capital improvement selection process. These models are typically given precise, point-estimate inputs that are mathematically linked, through a series of submodels, to forecasted model outputs. These point-estimate inputs represent an unrealistic level of precision and a growing body of research is focusing on statistical techniques to model uncertainty in model inputs and parameters and tracking the effects of this uncertainty through the various submodels to the model outputs. This paper presents an uncertainty analysis of the Large Zone Economic Module (LZEM) of the Simple, Efficient, Elegant, and Effective Model (SE3M) of land use and transportation. Three case-study implementations of the model are used to obtain a reasonably sound approximation of how uncertainty affects LZEM outputs: Guam, Puerto Rico, and Oahu, Hawaii. These case studies were the subject of an early transferability study with SE3M and were selected based on both their insularity and diverse physical, economic, and demographic geographies. The findings of this research demonstrate that LZEM has a robust framework, with the potential to estimate error both in the positive and negative direction under uncertain input/parameter conditions. 相似文献
198.
Highway work zones caused excessive delay to road users. To reduce user and maintenance costs, work zones shall be designed and scheduled accordingly. An analytical model is developed to jointly optimize work zone lengths and schedule as well as diverted traffic volume for highway maintenance projects, considering time‐varying demand, variable maintenance cost, and various production rates of maintenance crew. With a genetic algorithm, an iterative procedure is developed to search for the optimal solution. A numerical example is illustrated, in which various traffic mitigation plans for a highway maintenance project are evaluated. A sensitivity analysis is conducted, and results indicate the threshold volumes for various conditions (e.g., maintenance crews and capacity of the work zone) at which diverting traffic is desirable. This study demonstrates an effective approach to search for the optimal work zone schedule, which is also applicable to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic diversion plans for a pre‐planned work zone schedule. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
199.
Many accidents occurring at signalized intersections are closely related to drivers’ decisions of running through intersections during yellow light, i.e., yellow-light running (YLR). Therefore it is important to understand the relationships between YLR and the factors which contribute to drivers’ decision of YLR. This requires collecting a large amount of YLR cases. However, existing data collection method, which mainly relies on video cameras, has difficulties to collect a large amount of YLR data. In this research, we propose a method to study drivers’ YLR behaviors using high-resolution event-based data from signal control systems. We used 8 months’ high-resolution data collected by two stop-bar detectors at a signalized intersection located in Minnesota and identified over 30,000 YLR cases. To identify the possible reasons for drivers’ decision of YLR, this research further categorized the YLR cases into four types: “in should-go zone”, “in should-stop zone”, “in dilemma zone”, and “in optional zone” according to the driver’s location when signal turns to yellow. Statistical analysis indicates that the mean values of approaching speed and acceleration rate are significantly different for different types of YLR. We also show that there were about 10% of YLR drivers who cannot run through intersection before traffic light turns to red. Furthermore, based on a strong correlation between hourly traffic volume and number of YLR events, this research developed a regression model that can be used to predict the number of YLR events based on hourly flow rate. This research also showed that snowing weather conditions cause more YLR events. 相似文献
200.
AbstractThis paper aims to clearly establish the origin and evolution of the shared space concept from a New Zealand perspective by reviewing the literature in the disciplines of both urban design and transportation engineering. The review process involves investigating the use and function of a public road space in the context of the changing of public expectations and how this can relate to a number of interconnected street design approaches (e.g. traffic calming and self-explaining roads (SERs)). These approaches have been used to minimise the influence of motor vehicles since the beginning of the automobile era. The shared space concept, when applied in public road environments in activity centres, has increasingly been embraced by urban planners, transportation engineers and regulatory agencies. A shared space diverges from a conventional road where all road users are encouraged to legitimately occupy the same road space with little physical separation. To achieve this in a safe and efficient manner, the design aims to reduce the dominance of the motor vehicle by promoting pedestrian and cycling activity and utilising the road space as a ‘place’ in addition to its ‘transport’ mobility and access purposes. Given the fundamental conceptual differentiation between a traffic-calmed street and a shared space, the paper argues that there are certain design elements, constituting a shared space, and without them, it would be difficult for a public street to function as a genuine shared space for all road users. 相似文献