Splash zone lowering analysis of a large subsea spool piece

Lifting operation though the wave splash zone is challenging. Careful numerical analysis in the design phase is needed to minimize associated risks. This study addresses numerical modeling and analysis of the splash zone lowering of a large subsea spool. A typical offshore construction vessel is used for the operation. The objective is to compare the effects from different numerical methods and parameters on the allowable sea states and the operability. These methods and parameters include wave short-crestedness, shielding effects from the vessel, wave direction and wave seed number. A coupled numerical model of the spool-vessel system is established in SIMO program, which is a simulation tool for marine operations. Slamming and submergence-dependent loads on the spool during the transient lowering process are calculated. A large number of time-domain simulations has been performed to derive the allowable sea states. The operational criteria for assessment of the sea states include slack sling, snap loads in wires and clearance between spool and the vessel. Operability analysis of the operation at one reference site in the Barent Sea is established using 50-year hindcast data. The influences from different methods on the allowable sea states and the operability are compared and discussed in detail.     

Analysis of yellow-light running at signalized intersections using high-resolution traffic data

Many accidents occurring at signalized intersections are closely related to drivers’ decisions of running through intersections during yellow light, i.e., yellow-light running (YLR). Therefore it is important to understand the relationships between YLR and the factors which contribute to drivers’ decision of YLR. This requires collecting a large amount of YLR cases. However, existing data collection method, which mainly relies on video cameras, has difficulties to collect a large amount of YLR data. In this research, we propose a method to study drivers’ YLR behaviors using high-resolution event-based data from signal control systems. We used 8 months’ high-resolution data collected by two stop-bar detectors at a signalized intersection located in Minnesota and identified over 30,000 YLR cases. To identify the possible reasons for drivers’ decision of YLR, this research further categorized the YLR cases into four types: “in should-go zone”, “in should-stop zone”, “in dilemma zone”, and “in optional zone” according to the driver’s location when signal turns to yellow. Statistical analysis indicates that the mean values of approaching speed and acceleration rate are significantly different for different types of YLR. We also show that there were about 10% of YLR drivers who cannot run through intersection before traffic light turns to red. Furthermore, based on a strong correlation between hourly traffic volume and number of YLR events, this research developed a regression model that can be used to predict the number of YLR events based on hourly flow rate. This research also showed that snowing weather conditions cause more YLR events.     

基于线性诱导的公路隧道入口区域交通安全优化研究

为达到驾驶人早发现隧道洞门、早适应环境变化、早决策驾驶行为的目的，通过分析隧道入口区域行车环境下的视距视区与交通安全问题，借鉴常见的线条形视线诱导设施（如反光环、反光条、弹性交通柱等），构建隧道线性诱导系统，并提出基于线性诱导的隧道入口区域改善方法。另外，通过室内模拟试验，采集白天与夜间环境下注视点的位置数据； 将注视区域分为5类，并分析注视点在各区域的视觉转移特性，评价隧道入口区域改善前后的效果。结果表明： 1）隧道线性诱导系统具备形式多样、较大尺寸、可以勾勒轮廓、发光分散等特点，同时可以以低成本提升隧道光环境的安全性。2）隧道入口区域改善前，驾驶人的注视点以较大概率出现在前方近处。3）改善后，驾驶人的注视点以较大的概率出现在前方远处，表明改善方案使得驾驶人的视距充足； 改善后注视点在主要分布区域的注视概率变动比改善前更为缓和，表明驾驶人的视区变化得到缓解。     

Time domain approach for coupled cross-flow and in-line VIV induced fatigue damage of steel catenary riser at touchdown zone

Existing VIV prediction approaches for steel catenary riser (SCR) typically employ truncation model without considering the interaction between the SCR and soil, and only allow for cross-flow (CF) VIV. In this study, a time domain approach accounting for the SCR-soil interaction is proposed to predict the CF and in-line (IL) VIV induced fatigue damage of a SCR at touchdown zone (TDZ). The hydrodynamic force resulting from the vortex shedding is modeled using the forced oscillation test data of a rigid cylinder and an empirical damping model, which are defined as functions of the non-dimensional dominant frequency and amplitude of the SCR response. Due to the coupling effect, the IL VIV force is magnified based on the CF VIV amplitude. By combining a linear hysteretic interaction model with a trench shape model, some particular phenomena during the vertical SCR-soil interaction are captured and qualitatively discussed, while for the horizontal direction, the seabed is simplified as nonlinear spring model. Based on these models, parametric studies are conducted to broaden the understanding of the sensitivity of VIV induced fatigue damage to the seabed characteristic. The results indicate trench depth, vertical and lateral stiffness, and clay suction are significantly affect the VIV induced maximum fatigue damage at TDZ.     

含多年冻土层的公路隧道排水设计

为解决含多年冻土层的公路隧道排水系统现有规范和设计中存在的问题,结合现行规范中隧道排水系统的一般规定和设计 原则,通过调研含多年冻土层的公路隧道的冻害情况,并考虑多年冻土区公路隧道可能穿越不同类型冻土段的复杂情况,分析现行 规范和设计中的潜在问题,提出含多年冻土层的公路隧道不同类型冻土段排水设施的分段设计及各分段之间的衔接技术。结果表 明: 1)多年冻土区隧道由于埋深不同,所穿越的冻土类型也不同,不同类型冻土段的排水系统不同; 2)各冻土段的排水系统应相互 衔接,并应结合隧道坡度情况进行合理选择; 3)多年冻土段与非冻土段连接时,可根据山体形貌或隧道左、右线间距情况,通过地 下排水洞将左、右线中心深埋水沟中的水直接排出或沿隧道轴向排出洞外。     

石灰桩融化岛状多年冻土的试验研究

针对岛状多年冻土区的新建工程和既有工程改扩建过程中面临的地基多年冻土稳定性问题,利用生石灰与水反应放热原理,采用预融技术对多年冻土地基进行处理,达到使冻土融化并固结沉降从而增强地基承载力的效果。在收集国内外工程中处理岛状多年冻土的主要方法和生石灰桩在处理地基的应用范围等相关资料的基础上,创新性开展石灰桩预融冻土地基室内模型试验研究,通过试验确定适用于融化高温岛状冻土且增强其地基承载力的石灰桩材料类型、材料配合比及施工工艺,并对其应用效果进行评价,形成在高温岛状冻土地区可以应用的一种新型成套石灰桩预融技术。     

CZM in California: Successes and Challenges Ahead

California has a forty-year history of successful coastal zone management. The San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, the California Coastal Commission, and the State Coastal Conservancy have protected and made accessible hundreds of miles of shoreline. While each agency has played a critical role, this article focuses on the Coastal Commission. Implementing the California Coastal Act, the Coastal Commission has partnered with local government, other agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the public to concentrate new development in already developed areas, and much of the rural coastal zone looks as it did in 1972. The Commission has protected and expanded public shoreline access through its regulatory actions. Using strong ecological science the Commission has protected a wide variety of sensitive habitats and wetlands. And under the authority of the Coastal Zone Management Act, the Commission has reviewed thousands of federal projects to assure that they are consistent with the Coastal Act. Challenges continue, though, including population growth, sea-level rise, and inadequate funding to update local coastal land use plans to address new issues, such as climate change adaptation. New investment is needed at the national, state, and local level to continue the success of the California program.     

Democratization of Coastal Zone Decision Making for Indigenous Australians: Insights from Stakeholder Analysis

Community participation has become something of an orthodoxy within natural resource management. In the absence of an explicit strategy for democratization and capacity-building the notion of community participation is potentially meaningless and its application likely to mask decisions made in the interests of elite groups. This article examines the shortcomings of participatory processes in coastal resource management and seeks to identify and overcome constraints to democratization and capacity-building for Indigenous Australians. Using two coastal catchments in Central Queensland as a case study, we explore relations of power among stakeholders using Stakeholder Analysis to provide a platform for more effective deliberative participation by this group of stakeholders. Discussion of the specific barriers to participation identified by Aboriginal stakeholders will demonstrate the need to adopt notions of capacity-building that focus not only on the attributes of the individual stakeholder that might facilitate their participation, but on the characteristics also of the decision-making environment.     

喀什经济开发区综合交通规划中交通需求预测

喀什地区位于中国的西大门，与5个国家接壤，有6个国家一类口岸对外开放，区域优势明显．对喀什经济开发区交通需求的科学研究是促进该研究区域交通运输事业规范而高速发展的关键．本文采取时间序列预测法、弹性系数法、综合评价法等方法，系统全面地对该区域交通需求预测进行了分析，为该区域综合交通规划与建设奠定了基础．     

浙东地区公路隧道调光参数影响因素实测分析与调光控制探讨

为掌握公路隧道调光参数的变化特征,更好地解决调光控制与隧道照明需求匹配的问题,采用改进的环境简图法结合环形线圈车检器同步获取浙东沿海丘陵地区6条公路隧道的长序列洞外亮度L20(S)和交通流数据。实测结果表明： 1）对浙东地区,公路隧道春、夏、秋、冬季的L20(S)峰值比例约为0.95∶1∶0.95∶0.85,晴天、云天、阴天、重阴天的L20(S)比例约为1∶0.6∶0.18∶0.11; 2）L20(S)是影响浙东地区公路隧道照明需求的主要因素,其对调光控制节能的贡献超过95%,交通流对隧道照明需求的影响较为有限; 3）隧道越短,调光控制所取得的节能效果越显著,短隧道采用无级调光,照明能耗可降低50%以上。