CZM in California: Successes and Challenges Ahead

California has a forty-year history of successful coastal zone management. The San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, the California Coastal Commission, and the State Coastal Conservancy have protected and made accessible hundreds of miles of shoreline. While each agency has played a critical role, this article focuses on the Coastal Commission. Implementing the California Coastal Act, the Coastal Commission has partnered with local government, other agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the public to concentrate new development in already developed areas, and much of the rural coastal zone looks as it did in 1972. The Commission has protected and expanded public shoreline access through its regulatory actions. Using strong ecological science the Commission has protected a wide variety of sensitive habitats and wetlands. And under the authority of the Coastal Zone Management Act, the Commission has reviewed thousands of federal projects to assure that they are consistent with the Coastal Act. Challenges continue, though, including population growth, sea-level rise, and inadequate funding to update local coastal land use plans to address new issues, such as climate change adaptation. New investment is needed at the national, state, and local level to continue the success of the California program.     

Democratization of Coastal Zone Decision Making for Indigenous Australians: Insights from Stakeholder Analysis

Community participation has become something of an orthodoxy within natural resource management. In the absence of an explicit strategy for democratization and capacity-building the notion of community participation is potentially meaningless and its application likely to mask decisions made in the interests of elite groups. This article examines the shortcomings of participatory processes in coastal resource management and seeks to identify and overcome constraints to democratization and capacity-building for Indigenous Australians. Using two coastal catchments in Central Queensland as a case study, we explore relations of power among stakeholders using Stakeholder Analysis to provide a platform for more effective deliberative participation by this group of stakeholders. Discussion of the specific barriers to participation identified by Aboriginal stakeholders will demonstrate the need to adopt notions of capacity-building that focus not only on the attributes of the individual stakeholder that might facilitate their participation, but on the characteristics also of the decision-making environment.     

喀什经济开发区综合交通规划中交通需求预测

喀什地区位于中国的西大门，与5个国家接壤，有6个国家一类口岸对外开放，区域优势明显．对喀什经济开发区交通需求的科学研究是促进该研究区域交通运输事业规范而高速发展的关键．本文采取时间序列预测法、弹性系数法、综合评价法等方法，系统全面地对该区域交通需求预测进行了分析，为该区域综合交通规划与建设奠定了基础．     

浙东地区公路隧道调光参数影响因素实测分析与调光控制探讨

为掌握公路隧道调光参数的变化特征,更好地解决调光控制与隧道照明需求匹配的问题,采用改进的环境简图法结合环形线圈车检器同步获取浙东沿海丘陵地区6条公路隧道的长序列洞外亮度L20(S)和交通流数据。实测结果表明： 1）对浙东地区,公路隧道春、夏、秋、冬季的L20(S)峰值比例约为0.95∶1∶0.95∶0.85,晴天、云天、阴天、重阴天的L20(S)比例约为1∶0.6∶0.18∶0.11; 2）L20(S)是影响浙东地区公路隧道照明需求的主要因素,其对调光控制节能的贡献超过95%,交通流对隧道照明需求的影响较为有限; 3）隧道越短,调光控制所取得的节能效果越显著,短隧道采用无级调光,照明能耗可降低50%以上。     

天然气燃料动力机舱防爆区域划分及安全措施研究

由于天然气的高危易燃特点,对天然气燃料动力的新型船舶在防爆布置方面提出更为严格的要求,结合船级社规范,分别就本安型和ESD型两种双燃料机舱及主机结构特点,分析讨论了燃料供应系统在内的机舱及主机防爆安全级别和区域划分等问题,对双燃料机舱在电气设备选型设计和其他的防爆措施提出了建议,以实现天然气燃料机舱完整的防爆设计理念。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区区域物流竞争力研究

区域物流竞争力成为区域竞争力的核心组成部分之一,对于区域物流竞争力的客观评价研究已成为现实的必然要求。以鄱阳湖生态经济区的9个城市为研究对象,对区域物流竞争力的发展现状进行分析,通过指标变量的选取,构建鄱阳湖生态经济区区域物流竞争力的评价体系,采用SPSS统计软件中的聚类分析和因子分析法对各城市的物流竞争力进行了得分排名以及提出对策建议。     

昆明新机场红粘土边坡地基处理试验研究

针对昆明新机场验证试验小区红粘土边坡及岩溶破碎带,分别进行强夯法和清爆换填法处理,并通过载荷试验验证其处理效果。结果表明:破碎带清爆换填后的地基承载力特征值达到400kPa,强夯面平均沉降量为30cm,效果明显;对于埋设较浅的溶蚀破碎带,建议首先爆破揭顶,分层回填块石后采用强夯处理;红粘土边坡强夯后的地基承载力特征值为210kPa,变形模量为1.74～2.14MPa。关键词:红粘土;边坡;岩溶破碎带;强夯法;清爆换填法     

GFRP筋混凝土梁正截面受弯性能试验研究

为深入研究GFRP筋混凝土梁弯曲性能及设计方法,通过36根混凝土梁(其中GFRP筋混凝土梁21根,钢筋混凝土梁15根)的四点弯曲试验,对GFRP筋混凝土梁正截面的受弯性能进行了研究.在配筋率、几何尺寸、混凝土强度相同的条件下,对比分析了GFRP筋混凝土梁与钢筋混凝土梁的挠度及承载力特性;推导了GFRP筋混凝土梁受弯承载力、界限受压区高度的计算公式,并用试验数据验证了公式的正确性.结果表明:GFRP筋混凝土梁与钢筋混凝土梁的最大挠度之比为1.5～2.5;初裂承载力之比为0.53～0.69,极限承载力较接近,比值为0.75～1.02;GFRP筋混凝土梁界限相对受压区高度为0.17～0.20.建议取配筋率为1.4倍平衡配筋率,以使构件具有足够的承载力储备.     

岩石孑L洞试件变形破坏的电测法实验

剪切裂纹（breakoutorspal｜ing）是硬岩地下洞室开挖损伤区的主要破裂形式,对实际岩体工程的稳定性起到了控制作用．选取了粉砂岩圆孔试件进行了双向不等压加载,采用贴应变片的电测法作为监测手段,对剪切裂纹形成演化规律及进一步诱发的破坏形式进行了实验研究．得到了试件表面观测点应力演化规律,在此基础上分析了不等压条件下剪切裂纹的发生机理：不等压下脆性硬岩洞壁不容易破坏,但当加载到一定水平时,破坏很突然,并迅速诱发了“V”形区;孔壁附近发生的是剪切破坏,孔壁深处发生的是拉剪复合型的破坏．     

青藏铁路多年冻土区路基工程稳定性评价

依托青藏铁路多年冻土区长期观测系统的成果,对青藏铁路多年冻土区路基工程的稳定性进行了研究,指出其稳定性总体上处于良好状态,仅有个别地段病害发育,针对病害路段从水热方面提出了防治措施.观测资料显示,科学合理的措施能有效地减缓病害情况,保障铁路的安全运营.