船舶电站新型数字同步表的设计

针对船舶电站准同步并车的要求以及特点,设计高精度新型数字同步表。以Proteus和Keil为实验平台,完成了相应的软件编程和外围硬件电路的设计,分析了主要技术环节的实现。仿真实验结果表明新型数字同步表的设计完全实现了针对待并发电机和电网电压的频差和相位差的检测与显示功能,且运行可靠,检测精度高,成本低。     

The importance of the use phase on the LCA of environmentally friendly solutions for asphalt road pavements

In order to assess sustainability of products and processes, different methodologies have been developed and used in the last years. In the road pavement construction area, most methodologies used for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are essentially focused in the construction phase. The present paper analyses the importance of the use phase of a road in the LCA of different paving alternatives, namely by evaluating energy consumption and gaseous emissions throughout the road pavement’s life. Therefore, a new LCA methodology for road pavements was developed, and the results of its application to a case study involving the construction of alternative pavement structures are discussed. The study intends to assess the influence of using more sustainable paving construction alternatives (asphalt recycling vs. conventional asphalt mixtures), and/or different surface course materials (which have a higher influence on the rolling resistance and, therefore, affect the performance during the use phase). The LCA results obtained for this case study showed that the reductions in energy consumption and gaseous emissions obtained during the use phase, for pavement alternatives with a lower rolling resistance surface course, are higher than the total amount of energy consumption and gas emissions produced during construction. It is therefore clear that some improvements in the characteristics of the surface course may have an effect over the road use phase that will rapidly balance the initial costs and gas emissions of those interventions. The LCA results obtained also showed that the sustainability of pavement construction may also be improved using recycled asphalt mixtures.     

Analysis of energy consumption of food transit in an urban agglomeration in Poland

The paper presents the results of research on operational energy consumption of a vehicle in conditions of urban transit in Poland. An important role in Intelligent Transportation Systems in the road transport is played by transit in urban agglomerations. The analysis was based on the use of telemetry systems and statistical analysis of the waveform of digital speed recording. The resulting empirical cumulative distribution functions of phases of acceleration and deceleration speeds allowed to determine the kinetic losses of the vehicle (fuel consumption). The statistical significance of differences between cumulative distribution functions was tested using the Smirnov–Kolmogorov test.     

An object-oriented method for fully coupled analysis of floating offshore wind turbines through mapping of aerodynamic coefficients

This work presents a novel object-oriented approach to model the fully-coupled dynamic response of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). The key features offered by the method are the following: 1) its structure naturally allows for easy implementation of arbitrary platform geometries and platform/rotor configurations, 2) the analysis time is significantly faster than that of standard codes and results are accurate in situations where rotor dynamic contribution is negligible, and 3) an extremely flexible modeling environment is offered by the object-oriented nature of Modelica. Moreover, the current modeling facility used for the code development is open source and is naturally suitable for code sharing. In the present method, the aerodynamic model computes the aerodynamic loads through the mapping of steady-state aerodynamic coefficients. This modeling approach can be placed at the intersection between simplified aerodynamic methods, such as TDHMill, and full beam element/momentum-based aerodynamic methods. Aerodynamic loads obtained from the coefficients mapping are composed of a concentrated thrust and a concentrated torque. The thrust acts at the hub, while the torque is applied at the rotor low-speed shaft of a simplified rigid rotor equation of motion (EoM) used to emulate the rotor response. The aerodynamic coefficients are computed in FAST for a baseline 5 MW wind turbine. A standard rotor-collective blade-pitch control model is implemented. The system is assumed to be rigid. Linear hydrodynamics is employed to compute hydrodynamic loads. The industry-standard numerical-panel code Sesam-Wadam (DNV-GL) is used to preprocess the frequency-domain hydrodynamic problem. Validation of the code considers a standard spar-buoy platform, based on the Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration (OC3-Hywind). The dynamic response is tested in terms of free-decay response, Response Amplitude Operator (RAO), and the time histories and power spectral densities (PSDs) of several load cases including irregular waves and turbulent wind. The resulting model is benchmarked against well-known code-to-code comparisons and a good agreement is obtained.     

Validation of vessel seakeeping model tuning algorithm based on measurements at model scale

Wave-induced vessel motion prediction plays a critical role in ensuring safe marine operations. The operational limiting criteria can usually be calculated by applying presumed linearized vessel motion transfer functions based on the specified vessel loading condition, which may deviate from the real vessel condition when the operation is executed. Reducing the uncertainties of the onboard vessel loading condition can therefore improve the accuracy of vessel motion prediction and hence improve the safety and cost-efficiency for marine operations. However, parameters related to the onboard vessel loading condition can be difficult to measure directly, such as the center of gravity and moments of inertia. In addition, the hydrodynamic viscous damping terms are always subject to significant uncertainties and sometimes become critical for accurate vessel motion predictions. A very promising algorithm for the tuning of these important uncertain vessel parameters based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) that uses onboard vessel motion measurements and synchronous wave information was proposed and demonstrated previously by application to synthetic data. The present paper validates the UKF-based vessel seakeeping model tuning algorithm by considering measurements from model-scale seakeeping tests. Validation analyses demonstrate rational tuning results. The observed random errors and bias in relation to the measurement functions due to the applied simplification and linearization in the seakeeping simulations can lead to biased tuning. The importance of designing the state space and the measurement space is demonstrated by case studies. Due to the nonlinear relationship between the uncertain vessel parameters and the vessel motions, the tuning is shown to be sensitive to the mean state vector and selection of the surrounding sigma points.     

表贴式永磁同步电机对称稳态运行仿真研究

表贴式永磁电机阻抗小对输入电压十分敏感,为此需要得到足够准确的电压值才能进行电压源激励下的仿真研究。传统相量图需要较准确的电机模型及参数才能获得端口电压。为此,本文提出一种基于端口等效电路的相量图的有限元稳态仿真方法。该方法仅需计算定子电阻和端部漏感参数,然后采用电流源激励二分法获取较准确的输入电压,并通过时域有限元进行仿真验证。     

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针对城市交叉口交通流的特点,提出了一种自适应可变相序的多相位控制算法。该算法依据绿灯相位车队长度和红灯相位车队长度的比较决定绿灯相位是否转移,在不需要绿灯相位转移时,利用模糊神经网络控制器控制绿灯延时长度。不但结合了模糊控制和神经网络控制的优点,而且所给出的算法相序可变,实现了道路交叉口多相位相序可变控制。仿真结果表明,本文设计的模糊神经网络控制器能够有效降低车辆平均延误,满足实时控制的要求。     

横向磁通电机各相独立控制策略研究

本文分析了横向磁通各相异性的特点,提出了不同于传统三相矢量控制的控制方法,即三角函数法各相独立控制。分析了各相独立控制的原理,建立了数学模型,并与传统控制方法进行了对比仿真,仿真结果表明:三角函数法各相独立控制能很好的平衡各相电流,控制策略优于传统方法。     

公交车进站停靠对绿波控制的影响

在实际绿波控制应用中,公交车进站停靠所形成的交通瓶颈往往会使路段实际通行能力降低,对绿波控制效果产生一定的影响.应用集散波理论分析了公交车进站停靠对最大绿波带宽的影响,并提出了在无公交车停靠和有公交车停靠两种情况下,不同的绿波控制相位差及最大绿波带宽的计算方法,在VISSIM仿真平台进行了在线仿真,仿真结果表明:考虑公交瓶颈影响下获得的绿波带参数,其控制效果明显优于未考虑公交瓶颈影响下的控制效果,同时也验证了应用集散波理论获取公交停靠瓶颈下绿波控制参数方法的可行性.     

Phase transitions relating to the pozzolanic activity of electrolytic manganese residue during calcination

Electrolytic manganese residue（EMR） is generated from electrolytic manganese metal（EMM） industry, and its disposal is currently a serious problem in China.The EMR were calcined in the interval 100—900℃to enhance their pozzolanic activity and characterized by the differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry（TGDTA）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）,infra-red（IR） and chemical analysis techniques with the aim to correlate phase transitions and structural features with the pozzolanic activity of calcined EMR.Prom the phase analysis and compressive strength results,it is found that the EMR calcined within 700—800℃had the best pozzolanic activity due to the decomposition of poorly-crystallized CaSO₄ under the reducing ambient created by the decomposition of（NH₄）₂SO₄.The appearance of reactive CaO mainly contributes to the good pozzolanic activity of EMR calcined within 700—800℃.The crystallinity of Mn₃CO₄ increases leading an unfavourable effect on the pozzolanic behaviour of EMR calcined at 900℃.The developed pozzolanic material containing 30%（mass fraction） EMR possesses compressive strength properties at a level similar to 42.5^# normal Portland cement,in the range of 41.5—50.5 MPa.Besides,leaching results show that EMR blend cement pastes have excellent effect on the solidification of heavy metals.